§ 30706. Defenses

• (a) If a carrier has exercised due diligence to make the vessel in all respects seaworthy and to properly man, equip, and supply the vessel, the carrier and the vessel are not liable for loss or damage arising from an error in the navigation or management of the vessel.
• (b) A carrier and the vessel are not liable for loss or damage arising from—
  • (1) dangers of the sea or other navigable waters;
  • (2) acts of God;
  • (3) public enemies;
  • (4) seizure under legal process;
  • (5) inherent defect, quality, or vice of the goods;
  • (6) insufficiency of package;
  • (7) act or omission of the shipper or owner of the goods or their agent; or
  • (8) saving or attempting to save life or property at sea, including a deviation in rendering such a service.