§ 40701. The Debbie Smith DNA Backlog Grant Program

• (a) The Attorney General may make grants to eligible States or units of local government for use by the State or unit of local government for the following purposes:
  • (1) To carry out, for inclusion in the Combined DNA Index System of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, DNA analyses of samples collected under applicable legal authority.
  • (2) To carry out, for inclusion in such Combined DNA Index System, DNA analyses of samples from crime scenes, prioritizing, to the extent practicable consistent with public safety considerations 1 1 So in original. Probably should be followed by a comma. samples from rape kits, samples from other sexual assault evidence, and samples taken in cases without an identified suspect.
  • (3) To increase the capacity of laboratories owned by the State or by units of local government to carry out DNA analyses of samples specified in paragraph (1) or (2).
  • (4) To collect DNA samples specified in paragraph (1).
  • (5) To ensure that DNA testing and analysis of samples from crimes, including sexual assault and other serious violent crimes, are carried out in a timely manner.
  • (6) To implement a DNA arrestee collection process consistent with subchapter III of this chapter.
  • (7) To conduct an audit consistent with subsection (n) of the samples of sexual assault evidence that are in the possession of the State or unit of local government and are awaiting testing.
  • (8) To ensure that the collection and processing of DNA evidence by law enforcement agencies from crimes, in particular, sexual assault and other violent crimes against persons, is carried out in an appropriate and timely manner and in accordance with the protocols and practices developed under subsection ( o )(1).
  • (9) To increase the capacity of State and local prosecution offices to address the backlog of violent crime cases in which suspects have been identified through DNA evidence.
• (b) For a State or unit of local government to be eligible to receive a grant under this section, the chief executive officer of the State or unit of local government shall submit to the Attorney General an application in such form and containing such information as the Attorney General may require. The application shall, as required by the Attorney General—
  • (1) provide assurances that the State or unit of local government has implemented, or will implement not later than 120 days after the date of such application, a comprehensive plan for the expeditious DNA analysis of samples in accordance with this section;
  • (2) include a certification that each DNA analysis carried out under the plan shall be maintained pursuant to the privacy requirements described in section 12592(b)(3) of this title ;
  • (3) include a certification that the State or unit of local government has determined, by statute, rule, or regulation, those offenses under State law that shall be treated for purposes of this section as qualifying State offenses;
  • (4) specify the allocation that the State or unit of local government shall make, in using grant amounts to carry out DNA analyses of samples, as between samples specified in subsection (a)(1) and samples specified in subsection (a)(2);
  • (5) specify that portion of grant amounts that the State or unit of local government shall use for the purpose specified in subsection (a)(3);
  • (6) if submitted by a unit of local government, certify that the unit of local government has taken, or is taking, all necessary steps to ensure that it is eligible to include, directly or through a State law enforcement agency, all analyses of samples for which it has requested funding in the Combined DNA Index System;
  • (7) specify that portion of grant amounts that the State or unit of local government shall use for the purpose specified in subsection (a)(4); and
  • (8) provide assurances that the DNA section of the laboratory to be used to conduct DNA analyses has a written policy that prioritizes the analysis of, to the extent practicable consistent with public safety considerations, samples from homicides and sexual assaults.
• (c)
  • (1) The Attorney General shall distribute grant amounts, and establish appropriate grant conditions under this section, in conformity with a formula or formulas that are designed to effectuate a distribution of funds among eligible States and units of local government that—
    • (A) maximizes the effective utilization of DNA technology to solve crimes and protect public safety; and
    • (B) allocates grants among eligible entities fairly and efficiently to address jurisdictions in which significant backlogs exist, by considering—
      • (i) the number of offender and casework samples awaiting DNA analysis in a jurisdiction;
      • (ii) the population in the jurisdiction; and
      • (iii) the number of part 1 violent crimes in the jurisdiction.
  • (2) The Attorney General shall allocate to each State not less than 0.50 percent of the total amount appropriated in a fiscal year for grants under this section, except that the United States Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands shall each be allocated 0.125 percent of the total appropriation.
  • (3) Grant amounts distributed under paragraph (1) shall be awarded to conduct DNA analyses of samples from casework or from victims of crime under subsection (a)(2) in accordance with the following limitations:
    • (A) For fiscal year 2009, not less than 40 percent of the grant amounts shall be awarded for purposes under subsection (a)(2).
    • (B) For each of the fiscal years 2019 through 2024, not less than 40 percent of the grant amounts shall be awarded for purposes under subsection (a)(2).
    • (C) For each of fiscal years 2019 through 2024, not less than 75 percent of the total grant amounts shall be awarded for a combination of purposes under paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) of subsection (a).
  • (4) For each of fiscal years 2014 through 2022, not less than 5 percent, but not more than 7 percent, of the grant amounts distributed under paragraph (1) shall, if sufficient applications to justify such amounts are received by the Attorney General, be awarded for purposes described in subsection (a)(7), provided that none of the funds required to be distributed under this paragraph shall decrease or otherwise limit the availability of funds required to be awarded to States or units of local government under paragraph (3).
  • (5) For each fiscal year, not less than 5 percent, but not more than 7 percent, of the grant amounts distributed under paragraph (1) shall, if sufficient applications to justify such amounts are received by the Attorney General, be awarded for purposes described in subsection (a)(9), provided that none of the funds required to be distributed under this paragraph shall decrease or otherwise limit the availability of funds required to be awarded to States or units of local government under paragraph (3).
• (d)
  • (1) A plan pursuant to subsection (b)(1) shall require that, except as provided in paragraph (3), each DNA analysis be carried out in a laboratory that satisfies quality assurance standards and is—
    • (A) operated by the State or a unit of local government; or
    • (B) operated by a private entity pursuant to a contract with the State or a unit of local government.
  • (2)
    • (A) The Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation shall maintain and make available to States and units of local government a description of quality assurance protocols and practices that the Director considers adequate to assure the quality of a forensic laboratory.
    • (B) For purposes of this section, a laboratory satisfies quality assurance standards if the laboratory satisfies the quality control requirements described in paragraphs (1) and (2) of section 12592(b) of this title .
  • (3)
    • (A) A grant for the purposes specified in paragraph (1), (2), or (5) of subsection (a) may be made in the form of a voucher or contract for laboratory services, even if the laboratory makes a reasonable profit for the services.
    • (B) A voucher or contract under subparagraph (A) may be redeemed at a laboratory operated on a nonprofit or for-profit basis, by a private entity that satisfies quality assurance standards and has been approved by the Attorney General.
    • (C) The Attorney General may use amounts authorized under subsection (j) to make payments to a laboratory described under subparagraph (B).
• (e)
  • (1) Funds made available pursuant to this section shall not be used to supplant State or local government funds, but shall be used to increase the amount of funds that would, in the absence of Federal funds, be made available from State or local government sources for the purposes of this Act.
  • (2) A State or unit of local government may not use more than 3 percent of the funds it receives from this section for administrative expenses.
• (f) Each State or unit of local government which receives a grant under this section shall submit to the Attorney General, for each year in which funds from a grant received under this section is expended, a report at such time and in such manner as the Attorney General may reasonably require, which contains—
  • (1) a summary of the activities carried out under the grant and an assessment of whether such activities are meeting the needs identified in the application; and
  • (2) such other information as the Attorney General may require.
• (g) Not later than 90 days after the end of each fiscal year for which grants are made under this section, the Attorney General shall submit to the Congress a report that includes—
  • (1) the aggregate amount of grants made under this section to each State or unit of local government for such fiscal year;
  • (2) a summary of the information provided by States or units of local government receiving grants under this section; and
  • (3) a description of the priorities and plan for awarding grants among eligible States and units of local government, and how such plan will ensure the effective use of DNA technology to solve crimes and protect public safety.
• (h)
  • (1) Each State or unit of local government which receives a grant under this section shall keep records as the Attorney General may require to facilitate an effective audit of the receipt and use of grant funds received under this section.
  • (2) Each State or unit of local government which receives a grant under this section shall make available, for the purpose of audit and examination, such records as are related to the receipt or use of any such grant.
• (i) For purposes of this section, the term “State” means a State of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands.
• (j) There are authorized to be appropriated to the Attorney General for grants under subsection (a) $151,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2024.
• (k) The Attorney General may distribute not more than 1 percent of the grant amounts under subsection (j)—
  • (1) to States or units of local government to defray the costs incurred by laboratories operated by each such State or unit of local government in preparing for accreditation or reaccreditation;
  • (2) in the form of additional grants to States, units of local government, or nonprofit professional organizations of persons actively involved in forensic science and nationally recognized within the forensic science community—
    • (A) to defray the costs of external audits of laboratories operated by such State or unit of local government, which participates in the National DNA Index System, to determine whether the laboratory is in compliance with quality assurance standards;
    • (B) to assess compliance with any plans submitted to the National Institute of Justice, which detail the use of funds received by States or units of local government under this Act; and
    • (C) to support future capacity building efforts; and
  • (3) in the form of additional grants to nonprofit professional associations actively involved in forensic science and nationally recognized within the forensic science community to defray the costs of training persons who conduct external audits of laboratories operated by States and units of local government and which participate in the National DNA Index System.
• (l) The Attorney General may award a grant under this section to a State or unit of local government to alleviate a backlog of cases with respect to a forensic science other than DNA analysis if the State or unit of local government—
  • (1) certifies to the Attorney General that in such State or unit—
    • (A) all of the purposes set forth in subsection (a) have been met;
    • (B) a significant backlog of casework is not waiting for DNA analysis; and
    • (C) there is no need for significant laboratory equipment, supplies, or additional personnel for timely DNA processing of casework or offender samples; and
  • (2) demonstrates to the Attorney General that such State or unit requires assistance in alleviating a backlog of cases involving a forensic science other than DNA analysis.
• (m) In the event that a laboratory operated by a State or unit of local government which has received funds under this Act has undergone an external audit conducted to determine whether the laboratory is in compliance with standards established by the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and, as a result of such audit, identifies measures to remedy deficiencies with respect to the compliance by the laboratory with such standards, the State or unit of local government shall implement any such remediation as soon as practicable.
• (n)
  • (1) The Attorney General may award a grant under this section to a State or unit of local government for the purpose described in subsection (a)(7) only if the State or unit of local government—
    • (A) submits a plan for performing the audit of samples described in such subsection; and
    • (B) includes in such plan a good-faith estimate of the number of such samples.
  • (2) A State or unit of local government receiving a grant for the purpose described in subsection (a)(7)—
    • (A) may not enter into any contract or agreement with any non-governmental vendor laboratory to conduct an audit described in subsection (a)(7); and
    • (B) shall—
      • (i) not later than 1 year after receiving the grant, complete the audit referred to in paragraph (1)(A) in accordance with the plan submitted under such paragraph;
      • (ii) not later than 60 days after receiving possession of a sample of sexual assault evidence that was not in the possession of the State or unit of local government at the time of the initiation of an audit under paragraph (1)(A), subject to paragraph (4)(F), include in any required reports under clause (v), the information listed under paragraph (4)(B);
      • (iii) for each sample of sexual assault evidence that is identified as awaiting testing as part of the audit referred to in paragraph (1)(A)—
        • (I) assign a unique numeric or alphanumeric identifier to each sample of sexual assault evidence that is in the possession of the State or unit of local government and is awaiting testing; and
        • (II) identify the date or dates after which the State or unit of local government would be barred by any applicable statutes of limitations from prosecuting a perpetrator of the sexual assault to which the sample relates;
      • (iv) provide that—
        • (I) the chief law enforcement officer of the State or unit of local government, respectively, is the individual responsible for the compliance of the State or unit of local government, respectively, with the reporting requirements described in clause (v); or
        • (II) the designee of such officer may fulfill the responsibility described in subclause (I) so long as such designee is an employee of the State or unit of local government, respectively, and is not an employee of any governmental laboratory or non-governmental vendor laboratory; and
      • (v) comply with all grantee reporting requirements described in paragraph (4).
  • (3) The Attorney General may grant an extension of the deadline under paragraph (2)(B)(i) to a State or unit of local government that demonstrates that more time is required for compliance with such paragraph.
  • (4)
    • (A) For not less than 12 months after the completion of an initial count of sexual assault evidence that is awaiting testing during an audit referred to in paragraph (1)(A), a State or unit of local government that receives a grant award under subsection (a)(7) shall, not less than every 60 days, submit a report to the Department of Justice, on a form prescribed by the Attorney General, which shall contain the information required under subparagraph (B).
    • (B) A report under this paragraph shall contain the following information:
      • (i) The name of the State or unit of local government filing the report.
      • (ii) The period of dates covered by the report.
      • (iii) The cumulative total number of samples of sexual assault evidence that, at the end of the reporting period—
        • (I) are in the possession of the State or unit of local government at the reporting period;
        • (II) are awaiting testing; and
        • (III) the State or unit of local government has determined should undergo DNA or other appropriate forensic analyses.
      • (iv) The cumulative total number of samples of sexual assault evidence in the possession of the State or unit of local government that, at the end of the reporting period, the State or unit of local government has determined should not undergo DNA or other appropriate forensic analyses, provided that the reporting form shall allow for the State or unit of local government, at its sole discretion, to explain the reasoning for this determination in some or all cases.
      • (v) The cumulative total number of samples of sexual assault evidence in a total under clause (iii) that have been submitted to a laboratory for DNA or other appropriate forensic analyses.
      • (vi) The cumulative total number of samples of sexual assault evidence identified by an audit referred to in paragraph (1)(A) or under paragraph (2)(B)(ii) for which DNA or other appropriate forensic analysis has been completed at the end of the reporting period.
      • (vii) The total number of samples of sexual assault evidence identified by the State or unit of local government under paragraph (2)(B)(ii), since the previous reporting period.
      • (viii) The cumulative total number of samples of sexual assault evidence described under clause (iii) for which the State or unit of local government will be barred within 12 months by any applicable statute of limitations from prosecuting a perpetrator of the sexual assault to which the sample relates.
    • (C) Not later than 7 days after the submission of a report under this paragraph by a State or unit of local government, the Attorney General shall, subject to subparagraph (D), publish and disseminate a facsimile of the full contents of such report on an appropriate internet website.
    • (D) The Attorney General shall ensure that any information published and disseminated as part of a report under this paragraph, which reports information under this subsection, does not include personally identifiable information or details about a sexual assault that might lead to the identification of the individuals involved.
    • (E) The Attorney General shall—
      • (i) at the discretion of a State or unit of local government required to file a report under subparagraph (A), allow such State or unit of local government, at their sole discretion, to submit such reports on a more frequent basis; and
      • (ii) make available to all States and units of local government the reporting form created pursuant to subparagraph (A), whether or not they are required to submit such reports, and allow such States or units of local government, at their sole discretion, to submit such reports for publication.
    • (F) The reporting requirements described in paragraph (2) shall not apply to a sample of sexual assault evidence that—
      • (i) is not considered criminal evidence (such as a sample collected anonymously from a victim who is unwilling to make a criminal complaint); or
      • (ii) relates to a sexual assault for which the prosecution of each perpetrator is barred by a statute of limitations.
  • (5) In this subsection:
    • (A) The term “awaiting testing” means, with respect to a sample of sexual assault evidence, that—
      • (i) the sample has been collected and is in the possession of a State or unit of local government;
      • (ii) DNA and other appropriate forensic analyses have not been performed on such sample; and
      • (iii) the sample is related to a criminal case or investigation in which final disposition has not yet been reached.
    • (B) The term “final disposition” means, with respect to a criminal case or investigation to which a sample of sexual assault evidence relates—
      • (i) the conviction or acquittal of all suspected perpetrators of the crime involved;
      • (ii) a determination by the State or unit of local government in possession of the sample that the case is unfounded; or
      • (iii) a declaration by the victim of the crime involved that the act constituting the basis of the crime was not committed.
    • (C)
      • (i) The term “possession”, used with respect to possession of a sample of sexual assault evidence by a State or unit of local government, includes possession by an individual who is acting as an agent of the State or unit of local government for the collection of the sample.
      • (ii) Nothing in clause (i) shall be construed to create or amend any Federal rights or privileges for non-governmental vendor laboratories described in regulations promulgated under section 12591 of this title .
• (o)
  • (1) Not later than 18 months after March 7, 2013 , the Director, in consultation with Federal, State, and local law enforcement agencies and government laboratories, shall develop and publish a description of protocols and practices the Director considers appropriate for the accurate, timely, and effective collection and processing of DNA evidence, including protocols and practices specific to sexual assault cases, which shall address appropriate steps in the investigation of cases that might involve DNA evidence, including—
    • (A) how to determine—
      • (i) which evidence is to be collected by law enforcement personnel and forwarded for testing;
      • (ii) the preferred order in which evidence from the same case is to be tested; and
      • (iii) what information to take into account when establishing the order in which evidence from different cases is to be tested;
    • (B) the establishment of a reasonable period of time in which evidence is to be forwarded by emergency response providers, law enforcement personnel, and prosecutors to a laboratory for testing;
    • (C) the establishment of reasonable periods of time in which each stage of analytical laboratory testing is to be completed;
    • (D) systems to encourage communication within a State or unit of local government among emergency response providers, law enforcement personnel, prosecutors, courts, defense counsel, crime laboratory personnel, and crime victims regarding the status of crime scene evidence to be tested; and
    • (E) standards for conducting the audit of the backlog for DNA case work in sexual assault cases required under subsection (n).
  • (2) The Director shall make available technical assistance and training to support States and units of local government in adopting and implementing the protocols and practices developed under paragraph (1) on and after the date on which the protocols and practices are published.
  • (3) In this subsection, the terms “awaiting testing” and “possession” have the meanings given those terms in subsection (n).

§ 40702. Collection and use of DNA identification information from certain Federal offenders

• (a)
  • (1)
    • (A) The Attorney General may, as prescribed by the Attorney General in regulation, collect DNA samples from individuals who are arrested, facing charges, or convicted or from non-United States persons who are detained under the authority of the United States. The Attorney General may delegate this function within the Department of Justice as provided in section 510 of title 28 and may also authorize and direct any other agency of the United States that arrests or detains individuals or supervises individuals facing charges to carry out any function and exercise any power of the Attorney General under this section.
    • (B) The Director of the Bureau of Prisons shall collect a DNA sample from each individual in the custody of the Bureau of Prisons who is, or has been, convicted of a qualifying Federal offense (as determined under subsection (d)) or a qualifying military offense, as determined under section 1565 of title 10 .
  • (2) The probation office responsible for the supervision under Federal law of an individual on probation, parole, or supervised release shall collect a DNA sample from each such individual who is, or has been, convicted of a qualifying Federal offense (as determined under subsection (d)) or a qualifying military offense, as determined under section 1565 of title 10 .
  • (3) For each individual described in paragraph (1) or (2), if the Combined DNA Index System (in this section referred to as “CODIS”) of the Federal Bureau of Investigation contains a DNA analysis with respect to that individual, or if a DNA sample has been collected from that individual under section 1565 of title 10 , the Attorney General, the Director of the Bureau of Prisons, or the probation office responsible (as applicable) may (but need not) collect a DNA sample from that individual.
  • (4)
    • (A) The Attorney General, the Director of the Bureau of Prisons, or the probation office responsible (as applicable) may use or authorize the use of such means as are reasonably necessary to detain, restrain, and collect a DNA sample from an individual who refuses to cooperate in the collection of the sample.
    • (B) The Attorney General, the Director of the Bureau of Prisons, or the probation office, as appropriate, may enter into agreements with units of State or local government or with private entities to provide for the collection of the samples described in paragraph (1) or (2).
  • (5) An individual from whom the collection of a DNA sample is authorized under this subsection who fails to cooperate in the collection of that sample shall be—
    • (A) guilty of a class A misdemeanor; and
    • (B) punished in accordance with title 18.
• (b) The Attorney General, the Director of the Bureau of Prisons, or the probation office responsible (as applicable) shall furnish each DNA sample collected under subsection (a) to the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, who shall carry out a DNA analysis on each such DNA sample and include the results in CODIS. The Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation may waive the requirements under this subsection if DNA samples are analyzed by means of Rapid DNA instruments and the results are included in CODIS.
• (c) In this section:
  • (1) The term “DNA sample” means a tissue, fluid, or other bodily sample of an individual on which a DNA analysis can be carried out.
  • (2) The term “DNA analysis” means analysis of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) identification information in a bodily sample.
  • (3) The term “Rapid DNA instruments” means instrumentation that carries out a fully automated process to derive a DNA analysis from a DNA sample.
• (d) The offenses that shall be treated for purposes of this section as qualifying Federal offenses are the following offenses, as determined by the Attorney General:
  • (1) Any felony.
  • (2) Any offense under chapter 109A of title 18.
  • (3) Any crime of violence (as that term is defined in section 16 of title 18 ).
  • (4) Any attempt or conspiracy to commit any of the offenses in paragraphs (1) through (3).
• (e)
  • (1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), this section shall be carried out under regulations prescribed by the Attorney General.
  • (2) The Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts shall make available model procedures for the activities of probation officers in carrying out this section.
• (f) Collection of DNA samples under subsection (a) shall, subject to the availability of appropriations, commence not later than the date that is 180 days after December 19, 2000 .

§ 40703. Collection and use of DNA identification information from certain District of Columbia offenders

• (a)
  • (1) The Director of the Bureau of Prisons shall collect a DNA sample from each individual in the custody of the Bureau of Prisons who is, or has been, convicted of a qualifying District of Columbia offense (as determined under subsection (d)).
  • (2) The Director of the Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency for the District of Columbia shall collect a DNA sample from each individual under the supervision of the Agency who is on supervised release, parole, or probation who is, or has been, convicted of a qualifying District of Columbia offense (as determined under subsection (d)).
  • (3) For each individual described in paragraph (1) or (2), if the Combined DNA Index System (in this section referred to as “CODIS”) of the Federal Bureau of Investigation contains a DNA analysis with respect to that individual, the Director of the Bureau of Prisons or Agency (as applicable) may (but need not) collect a DNA sample from that individual.
  • (4)
    • (A) The Director of the Bureau of Prisons or Agency (as applicable) may use or authorize the use of such means as are reasonably necessary to detain, restrain, and collect a DNA sample from an individual who refuses to cooperate in the collection of the sample.
    • (B) The Director of the Bureau of Prisons or Agency, as appropriate, may enter into agreements with units of State or local government or with private entities to provide for the collection of the samples described in paragraph (1) or (2).
  • (5) An individual from whom the collection of a DNA sample is authorized under this subsection who fails to cooperate in the collection of that sample shall be—
    • (A) guilty of a class A misdemeanor; and
    • (B) punished in accordance with title 18.
• (b) The Director of the Bureau of Prisons or Agency (as applicable) shall furnish each DNA sample collected under subsection (a) to the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, who shall carry out a DNA analysis on each such DNA sample and include the results in CODIS. The Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation may waive the requirements under this subsection if DNA samples are analyzed by means of Rapid DNA instruments and the results are included in CODIS.
• (c) In this section:
  • (1) The term “DNA sample” means a tissue, fluid, or other bodily sample of an individual on which a DNA analysis can be carried out.
  • (2) The term “DNA analysis” means analysis of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) identification information in a bodily sample.
  • (3) The term “Rapid DNA instruments” means instrumentation that carries out a fully automated process to derive a DNA analysis from a DNA sample.
• (d) The government of the District of Columbia may determine those offenses under the District of Columbia Code that shall be treated for purposes of this section as qualifying District of Columbia offenses.
• (e) Collection of DNA samples under subsection (a) shall, subject to the availability of appropriations, commence not later than the date that is 180 days after December 19, 2000 .
• (f) There are authorized to be appropriated to the Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency for the District of Columbia to carry out this section such sums as may be necessary for each of fiscal years 2001 through 2005.

§ 40704. Conditions of release generally

If the collection of a DNA sample from an individual on probation, parole, or supervised release is authorized pursuant to section 40702 or 40703 of this title or section 1565 of title 10 , the individual shall cooperate in the collection of a DNA sample as a condition of that probation, parole, or supervised release.

§ 40705. Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated to the Attorney General to carry out this Act (including to reimburse the Federal judiciary for any reasonable costs incurred in implementing such Act, as determined by the Attorney General) such sums as may be necessary.

§ 40706. Privacy protection standards

• (a) Except as provided in subsection (b), any sample collected under, or any result of any analysis carried out under, section 40701, 40702, or 40703 of this title may be used only for a purpose specified in such section.
• (b) A sample or result described in subsection (a) may be disclosed under the circumstances under which disclosure of information included in the Combined DNA Index System is allowed, as specified in subparagraphs (A) through (D) of section 12592(b)(3) of this title .
• (c) A person who knowingly discloses a sample or result described in subsection (a) in any manner to any person not authorized to receive it, or obtains or uses, without authorization, such sample or result, shall be fined not more than $250,000, or imprisoned for a period of not more than one year. Each instance of disclosure, obtaining, or use shall constitute a separate offense under this subsection.

§ 40721. Report to Congress on plans to modify CODIS system

If the Department of Justice plans to modify or supplement the core genetic markers needed for compatibility with the CODIS system, it shall notify the Judiciary Committee of the Senate and the Judiciary Committee of the House of Representatives in writing not later than 180 days before any change is made and explain the reasons for such change.

§ 40722. DNA training and education for law enforcement, correctional personnel, and court officers

• (a) The Attorney General shall make grants to provide training, technical assistance, education, and information relating to the identification, collection, preservation, analysis, and use of DNA samples and DNA evidence by—
  • (1) law enforcement personnel, including police officers and other first responders, evidence technicians, investigators, and others who collect or examine evidence of crime;
  • (2) court officers, including State and local prosecutors, defense lawyers, and judges;
  • (3) forensic science professionals; and
  • (4) corrections personnel, including prison and jail personnel, and probation, parole, and other officers involved in supervision.
• (b) There are authorized to be appropriated $12,500,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2024 to carry out this section.

§ 40723. Sexual assault forensic exam program grants

• (a) The Attorney General shall make grants to eligible entities to provide training, technical assistance, education, equipment, and information relating to the identification, collection, preservation, analysis, and use of DNA samples and DNA evidence by medical personnel and other personnel, including doctors, medical examiners, coroners, nurses, victim service providers, and other professionals involved in treating victims of sexual assault and sexual assault examination programs, including SANE (Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner), SAFE (Sexual Assault Forensic Examiner), and SART (Sexual Assault Response Team).
• (b) For purposes of this section, the term “eligible entity” includes—
  • (1) States;
  • (2) units of local government; and
  • (3) sexual assault examination programs, including—
    • (A) sexual assault nurse examiner (SANE) programs;
    • (B) sexual assault forensic examiner (SAFE) programs;
    • (C) sexual assault response team (SART) programs;
    • (D) State sexual assault coalitions;
    • (E) medical personnel, including doctors, medical examiners, coroners, and nurses, involved in treating victims of sexual assault; and
    • (F) victim service providers involved in treating victims of sexual assault.
• (c)
  • (1) In reviewing applications submitted in accordance with a program authorized, in whole or in part, by this section, the Attorney General shall give preference to any eligible entity that certifies that the entity will use the grant funds to—
    • (A) improve forensic nurse examiner programs in a rural area or for an underserved population, as those terms are defined in section 12291 1 1 See References in Text note below. of this title;
    • (B) engage in activities that will assist in the employment of full-time forensic nurse examiners to conduct activities under subsection (a); or
    • (C) sustain or establish a training program for forensic nurse examiners.
  • (2) Not later than the beginning of fiscal year 2018, the Attorney General shall coordinate with the Secretary of Health and Human Services to inform Federally Qualified Health Centers, Community Health Centers, hospitals, colleges and universities, and other appropriate health-related entities about the role of forensic nurses, both adult and pediatric, and existing resources available within the Department of Justice and the Department of Health and Human Services to train or employ forensic nurses to address the needs of communities dealing with sexual assault, domestic violence, elder abuse, and, in particular, the need for pediatric sexual assault nurse examiners, including such nurse examiners working in the multidisciplinary setting, in responding to abuse of both children and adolescents. The Attorney General shall collaborate on this effort with nongovernmental organizations representing forensic nurses.
• (d) There are authorized to be appropriated $30,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2024 to carry out this section.

§ 40724. DNA research and development

• (a) The Attorney General shall make grants for research and development to improve forensic DNA technology, including increasing the identification accuracy and efficiency of DNA analysis, decreasing time and expense, and increasing portability.
• (b) The Attorney General shall make grants to appropriate entities under which research is carried out through demonstration projects involving coordinated training and commitment of resources to law enforcement agencies and key criminal justice participants to demonstrate and evaluate the use of forensic DNA technology in conjunction with other forensic tools. The demonstration projects shall include scientific evaluation of the public safety benefits, improvements to law enforcement operations, and cost-effectiveness of increased collection and use of DNA evidence.
• (c) There are authorized to be appropriated $5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2017 through 2021 to carry out this section.

§ 40725. National Forensic Science Commission

• (a) The Attorney General shall appoint a National Forensic Science Commission (in this section referred to as the “Commission”), composed of persons experienced in criminal justice issues, including persons from the forensic science and criminal justice communities, to carry out the responsibilities under subsection (b).
• (b) The Commission shall—
  • (1) assess the present and future resource needs of the forensic science community;
  • (2) make recommendations to the Attorney General for maximizing the use of forensic technologies and techniques to solve crimes and protect the public;
  • (3) identify potential scientific advances that may assist law enforcement in using forensic technologies and techniques to protect the public;
  • (4) make recommendations to the Attorney General for programs that will increase the number of qualified forensic scientists available to work in public crime laboratories;
  • (5) disseminate, through the National Institute of Justice, best practices concerning the collection and analyses of forensic evidence to help ensure quality and consistency in the use of forensic technologies and techniques to solve crimes and protect the public;
  • (6) examine additional issues pertaining to forensic science as requested by the Attorney General;
  • (7) examine Federal, State, and local privacy protection statutes, regulations, and practices relating to access to, or use of, stored DNA samples or DNA analyses, to determine whether such protections are sufficient;
  • (8) make specific recommendations to the Attorney General, as necessary, to enhance the protections described in paragraph (7) to ensure—
    • (A) the appropriate use and dissemination of DNA information;
    • (B) the accuracy, security, and confidentiality of DNA information;
    • (C) the timely removal and destruction of obsolete, expunged, or inaccurate DNA information; and
    • (D) that any other necessary measures are taken to protect privacy; and
  • (9) provide a forum for the exchange and dissemination of ideas and information in furtherance of the objectives described in paragraphs (1) through (8).
• (c) The Attorney General shall—
  • (1) designate the Chair of the Commission from among its members;
  • (2) designate any necessary staff to assist in carrying out the functions of the Commission; and
  • (3) establish procedures and guidelines for the operations of the Commission.
• (d) There are authorized to be appropriated $500,000 for each of fiscal years 2005 through 2009 to carry out this section.

§ 40726. DNA identification of missing persons

• (a) The Attorney General shall make grants to promote the use of forensic DNA technology to identify missing persons and unidentified human remains.
• (b) Each State or unit of local government that receives funding under this section shall be required to submit the DNA profiles of such missing persons and unidentified human remains to the National Missing Persons DNA Database of the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
• (c) There are authorized to be appropriated $2,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2017 through 2021 to carry out this section.

§ 40727. Kirk Bloodsworth Post-Conviction DNA Testing Grant Program

• (a) The Attorney General shall establish the Kirk Bloodsworth Post-Conviction DNA Testing Grant Program to award grants to States to help defray the costs of post-conviction DNA testing.
• (b) There are authorized to be appropriated $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2017 through 2021 to carry out this section.
• (c) For purposes of this section, the term “State” means a State of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands.

§ 40728. Establishment of best practices for evidence retention

• (a) The Director of the National Institute of Justice, in consultation with Federal, State, and local law enforcement agencies and government laboratories, shall—
  • (1) establish best practices for evidence retention to focus on the preservation of forensic evidence; and
  • (2) assist State, local, and tribal governments in adopting and implementing the best practices established under paragraph (1).
• (b) Not later than 1 year after December 16, 2016 , the Director of the National Institute of Justice shall publish the best practices established under subsection (a)(1).
• (c) Nothing in this section shall be construed to require or obligate compliance with the best practices established under subsection (a)(1).

§ 40741. Definitions

For purposes of this subchapter:

• (1) The term “DNA arrestee collection process” means, with respect to a State, a process under which the State provides for the collection, for purposes of inclusion in the index described in section 12592(a) of this title (in this subchapter referred to as the “National DNA Index System”), of DNA profiles or DNA data from the following individuals who are at least 18 years of age:
  • (A) Individuals who are arrested for or charged with a criminal offense under State law that consists of a homicide.
  • (B) Individuals who are arrested for or charged with a criminal offense under State law that has an element involving a sexual act or sexual contact with another and that is punishable by imprisonment for more than 1 year.
  • (C) Individuals who are arrested for or charged with a criminal offense under State law that has an element of kidnaping or abduction and that is punishable by imprisonment for more than 1 year.
  • (D) Individuals who are arrested for or charged with a criminal offense under State law that consists of burglary punishable by imprisonment for more than 1 year.
  • (E) Individuals who are arrested for or charged with a criminal offense under State law that consists of aggravated assault punishable by imprisonment for more than 1 year.
• (2) The term “State” means any State of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Guam, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.

§ 40742. Grants to States to implement DNA arrestee collection processes

• (a) The Attorney General shall, subject to amounts made available pursuant to section 40744 of this title , carry out a grant program for the purpose of assisting States with the costs associated with the implementation of DNA arrestee collection processes.
• (b)
  • (1) To be eligible to receive a grant under this section, in addition to any other requirements specified by the Attorney General, a State shall submit to the Attorney General an application that demonstrates that it has statutory authorization for the implementation of a DNA arrestee collection process.
  • (2) An application submitted under paragraph (1) by a State shall include assurances that the amounts received under the grant under this section shall be used to supplement, not supplant, State funds that would otherwise be available for the purpose described in subsection (a).
  • (3) The Attorney General shall require a State seeking a grant under this section to document how such State will use the grant to meet expenses associated with a State’s implementation or planned implementation of a DNA arrestee collection process.
• (c)
  • (1) The amount available to a State under this section shall be based on the projected costs that will be incurred by the State to implement a DNA arrestee collection process. Subject to paragraph (2), the Attorney General shall retain discretion to determine the amount of each such grant awarded to an eligible State.
  • (2) In the case of a State seeking a grant under this section with respect to the implementation of a DNA arrestee collection process, such State shall be eligible for a grant under this section that is equal to no more than 100 percent of the first year costs to the State of implementing such process.
• (d) As a condition of receiving a grant under this section, a State shall have a procedure in place to—
  • (1) provide written notification of expungement provisions and instructions for requesting expungement to all persons who submit a DNA profile or DNA data for inclusion in the index;
  • (2) provide the eligibility criteria for expungement and instructions for requesting expungement on an appropriate public Web site; and
  • (3) make a determination on all expungement requests not later than 90 days after receipt and provide a written response of the determination to the requesting party.

§ 40743. Expungement of profiles

The expungement requirements under section 12592(d) of this title shall apply to any DNA profile or DNA data collected pursuant to this subchapter for purposes of inclusion in the National DNA Index System.

§ 40744. Offset of funds appropriated

Any funds appropriated to carry out this subchapter, not to exceed $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2013 through 2015, shall be derived from amounts appropriated pursuant to subsection (j) of section 40701 of this title in each such fiscal year for grants under such section.