§ 8901. Definitions

In this chapter:

• (1) The term “alien” has the meaning given that term in section 1101(a) of title 8 .
• (2) The term “appropriate congressional committees” means—
  • (A) the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Select Committee on Intelligence, the Committee on Appropriations, and the majority leader and minority leader of the Senate; and
  • (B) the Committee on Financial Services 1 1 So in original. Probably should be followed by a comma. the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, the Committee on Appropriations, and the Speaker and minority leader of the House of Representatives.
• (3) The term “materially assisted” means the provision of assistance that is significant and of a kind directly relevant to acts described in paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of section 8907(a) of this title or acts described in section 8908(a)(1) of this title .
• (4) The term “United States person” means—
  • (A) a United States citizen or an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence to the United States; or
  • (B) an entity organized under the laws of the United States or of any jurisdiction within the United States, including a foreign branch of such an entity.

§ 8902. United States policy toward Ukraine

It is the policy of the United States—

• (1) to condemn the unjustified military intervention of the Russian Federation in the Crimea region of Ukraine and its concurrent occupation of that region, as well as any other form of political, economic, or military aggression against Ukraine;
• (2) to reaffirm the commitment of the United States to, and to remind Russia of its ongoing commitment to, the 1994 Budapest Memorandum on Security Assurances, which was executed jointly with the Russian Federation and the United Kingdom and explicitly secures the independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity and borders of Ukraine, and to demand the immediate cessation of improper activities, including the seizures of airfields and other locations, and the immediate return of Russian forces to their barracks;
• (3) to work with United States partners in the European Union, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, and at the United Nations to ensure that all nations recognize and not undermine, nor seek to undermine, the independence, sovereignty, or territorial or economic integrity of Ukraine;
• (4) to use all appropriate economic elements of United States national power, in coordination with United States allies, to protect the independence, sovereignty, and territorial and economic integrity of Ukraine;
• (5) to support the people of Ukraine in their desire to forge closer ties with Europe, including signing an Association Agreement with the European Union as a means to address endemic corruption, consolidate democracy, and achieve sustained prosperity;
• (6) to use the voice and vote of the United States to secure sufficient resources through the International Monetary Fund to support needed economic structural reforms in Ukraine under conditions that will reinforce a sovereign decision by the Government of Ukraine to sign and implement an association agreement with the European Union;
• (7) to help the Government of Ukraine prepare for the presidential election in May 2014;
• (8) to reinforce the efforts of the Government of Ukraine to bring to justice those responsible for the acts of violence against peaceful protestors and other unprovoked acts of violence related to the antigovernment protests in 1 1 So in original. that began on November 21, 2013 ;
• (9) to support the efforts of the Government of Ukraine to recover and return to the Ukrainian state funds stolen by former President Yanukovych, his family, and other current and former members of the Ukrainian government and elites;
• (10) to support the continued professionalization of the Ukrainian military;
• (11) to condemn economic extortion by the Russian Federation against Ukraine, Moldova, Lithuania, and other countries in the region designed to obstruct closer ties between the European Union and the countries of the Eastern Partnership and to reduce the harmful consequences of such extortion;
• (12) to condemn the continuing and long-standing pattern and practice by the Government of the Russian Federation of physical and economic aggression toward neighboring countries;
• (13) to enhance and extend our security cooperation with, security assistance to, and military exercises conducted with, states in Central and Eastern Europe, including North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) member countries, NATO aspirants, and appropriate Eastern Partnership countries;
• (14) to reaffirm United States defense commitments to its treaty allies under Article V of the North Atlantic Treaty;
• (15) that the continued participation of the Russian Federation in the Group of Eight (G–8) nations should be conditioned on the Government of the Russian Federation respecting the territorial integrity of its neighbors and accepting and adhering to the norms and standards of free, democratic societies as generally practiced by every other member nation of the G–8 nations;
• (16) to explore ways for the United States Government to assist the countries of Central and Eastern Europe to diversify their energy sources and achieve energy security; and
• (17) to ensure the United States maintains its predominant leadership position and influence within the International Monetary Fund, and to guarantee the International Monetary Fund has the resources and governance structure necessary to support structural reforms in Ukraine and respond to and prevent a potentially serious financial crisis in Ukraine or other foreign economic crises that threatens United States national security.

§ 8903. Provision of costs of loan guarantees for Ukraine

• (a) From the unobligated balance of amounts appropriated or otherwise made available under the heading “economic support fund” under the heading “Funds Appropriated to the President” in title III of the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2014 (division K of Public Law 113–76 ) [ 128 Stat. 479 ] and in Acts making appropriations for the Department of State, foreign operations, and related programs for preceding fiscal years (other than amounts designated pursuant to section 901(b)(2)(A) of title 2 ), amounts shall be made available for the costs (as defined in section 661a of title 2 ) of loan guarantees for Ukraine that are hereby authorized to be provided under this chapter.
• (b) Amounts made available for the costs of loan guarantees for Ukraine pursuant to subsection (a) shall not be considered “assistance” for the purpose of provisions of law limiting assistance to Ukraine.

§ 8904. Recovery of assets linked to governmental corruption in Ukraine

• (a) The Secretary of State, in coordination with the Attorney General and the Secretary of the Treasury, shall assist, on an expedited basis as appropriate, the Government of Ukraine to identify, secure, and recover assets linked to acts of corruption by Viktor Yanukovych, members of his family, or other former or current officials of the Government of Ukraine or their accomplices in any jurisdiction through appropriate programs, including the Kleptocracy Asset Recovery Initiative of the Department of Justice.
• (b) Any asset recovery efforts undertaken pursuant to subsection (a) shall be coordinated through the relevant bilateral or multilateral entities, including, as appropriate, the Egmont Group of Financial Intelligence Units, the Stolen Asset Recovery Initiative of the World Bank Group and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, the Camden Asset Recovery Inter-Agency Network, and the Global Focal Point Initiative of the International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL).
• (c) The Secretary of State, in coordination with the Attorney General, shall assist the Government of Ukraine, the European Union, and other appropriate countries, on an expedited basis, with formal and informal investigative assistance and training, as appropriate, to support the identification, seizure, and return to the Government of Ukraine of assets linked to acts of corruption.
• (d) The Secretary of the Treasury shall ensure that the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network of the Department of the Treasury assists the Government of Ukraine, the European Union, and other appropriate countries under section 314(a) of the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 ( 31 U.S.C. 5311 note).

§ 8905. Democracy, civil society, governance, and technical assistance for Ukraine and other states in Central and Eastern Europe

• (a) The Secretary of State shall, subject to the availability of appropriations, directly or through nongovernmental organizations—
  • (1) improve democratic governance, transparency, accountability, rule of law, and anti-corruption efforts in Ukraine;
  • (2) support efforts by the Government of Ukraine to foster greater unity among the people and regions of the country;
  • (3) support the people and Government of Ukraine in preparing to conduct and contest free and fair elections, including through domestic and international election monitoring;
  • (4) assist in diversifying Ukraine’s economy, trade, and energy supplies, including at the national, regional, and local levels;
  • (5) strengthen democratic institutions and political and civil society organizations in Ukraine;
  • (6) expand free and unfettered access to independent media of all kinds in Ukraine and assist with the protection of journalists and civil society activists who have been targeted for free speech activities;
  • (7) support political and economic reform initiatives by Eastern Partnership countries; and
  • (8) support the efforts of the Government of Ukraine, civil society, and international organizations to enhance the economic and political empowerment of women in Ukraine and to prevent and address violence against women and girls in Ukraine, and support the inclusion of women in Ukraine in any negotiations to restore Ukraine’s security, independence, sovereignty, or territorial or economic integrity.
• (b) There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of State $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2015 to carry out the activities set forth in subsection (a). Amounts appropriated for the activities set forth in subsection (a) shall be used pursuant to the authorization and requirements contained in this section. Additional amounts may be authorized to be appropriated under other provisions of law.
• (c) Not later than 60 days after April 3, 2014 , the President shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a strategy to carry out the activities set forth in subsection (a).
• (d)
  • (1) Funds appropriated or otherwise made available pursuant to subsection (b) may not be obligated until 15 days after the date on which the President has provided notice of intent to obligate such funds to the appropriate congressional committees.
  • (2) The President may waive the notification requirement under paragraph (1) if the President determines that failure to do so would pose a substantial risk to human health or welfare, in which case notification shall be provided as early as practicable, but in no event later than three days after taking the action to which such notification requirement was applicable in the context of the circumstances necessitating such waiver.

§ 8906. Enhanced security cooperation with Ukraine and other countries in Central and Eastern Europe

• (a) The President shall, subject to the availability of appropriations—
  • (1) enhance security cooperation efforts and relationships amongst countries in Central and Eastern Europe and among the United States, the European Union, and countries in Central and Eastern Europe;
  • (2) provide additional security assistance, including defense articles and defense services (as those terms are defined in section 2794 of this title ) and military training, to countries in Central and Eastern Europe, including Ukraine; and
  • (3) support greater reform, professionalism, and capacity-building efforts within the military, intelligence, and security services in Central and Eastern Europe, including Ukraine.
• (b) There is authorized to be appropriated to the President a total of $100,000,000 for fiscal years 2015 through 2017 to carry out this section. Amounts appropriated for the activities set forth in subsection (a) shall be used pursuant to the authorization and requirements contained in this section. Additional amounts may be authorized to be appropriated under other provisions of law.
• (c) Not later than 60 days after April 3, 2014 , the President shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a strategy to carry out the activities set forth in subsection (a).
• (d)
  • (1) Funds appropriated or otherwise made available pursuant to subsection (b) may not be obligated until 15 days after the date on which the President has provided notice of intent to obligate such funds to the appropriate congressional committees and the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and the House of Representatives.
  • (2) The President may waive the notification requirement under paragraph (1) if the President determines that failure to do so would pose a substantial risk to human health or welfare, in which case notification shall be provided as early as practicable, but in no event later than three days after taking the action to which such notification requirement was applicable in the context of the circumstances necessitating such waiver.

§ 8907. Sanctions on persons responsible for violence or undermining the peace, security, stability, sovereignty, or territorial integrity of Ukraine

• (a) The President shall impose the sanctions described in subsection (b) with respect to—
  • (1) any person, including a current or former official of the Government of Ukraine or a person acting on behalf of that Government, that the President determines has perpetrated, or is responsible for ordering, controlling, or otherwise directing, significant acts of violence or gross human rights abuses in Ukraine against persons associated with the antigovernment protests in Ukraine that began on November 21, 2013 ;
  • (2) any person that the President determines has perpetrated, or is responsible for ordering, controlling, or otherwise directing, significant acts that are intended to undermine the peace, security, stability, sovereignty, or territorial integrity of Ukraine, including acts of economic extortion;
  • (3) any official of the Government of the Russian Federation, or a close associate or family member of such an official, that the President determines is responsible for, complicit in, or responsible for ordering, controlling, or otherwise directing, acts of significant corruption in Ukraine, including the expropriation of private or public assets for personal gain, corruption related to government contracts or the extraction of natural resources, bribery, or the facilitation or transfer of the proceeds of corruption to foreign jurisdictions; and
  • (4) any individual that the President determines materially assisted, sponsored, or provided financial, material, or technological support for, or goods or services in support of, the commission of acts described in paragraph (1), (2), or (3).
• (b)
  • (1) The sanctions described in this subsection are the following:
    • (A) The exercise of all powers granted to the President by the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ( 50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to the extent necessary to block and prohibit all transactions in all property and interests in property of a person determined by the President to be subject to subsection (a) if such property and interests in property are in the United States, come within the United States, or are or come within the possession or control of a United States person.
    • (B) In the case of an alien determined by the President to be subject to subsection (a), denial of a visa to, and exclusion from the United States of, the alien, and revocation in accordance with section 1201(i) of title 8 , of any visa or other documentation of the alien.
  • (2) A person that violates, attempts to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation of paragraph (1)(A) or any regulation, license, or order issued to carry out paragraph (1)(A) shall be subject to the penalties set forth in subsections (b) and (c) of section 206 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ( 50 U.S.C. 1705 ) to the same extent as a person that commits an unlawful act described in subsection (a) of that section.
  • (3)
    • (A) The requirement to block and prohibit all transactions in all property and interests in property under paragraph (1)(A) shall not include the authority to impose sanctions on the importation of goods.
    • (B) In this paragraph, the term “good” has the meaning given that term in section 4618 1 1 See References in Text note below. of title 50 (as continued in effect pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ( 50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.)).
  • (4) Sanctions under paragraph (1)(B) shall not apply to an alien if admitting the alien into the United States is necessary to permit the United States to comply with the Agreement regarding the Headquarters of the United Nations, signed at Lake Success June 26, 1947 , and entered into force November 21, 1947 , between the United Nations and the United States, or other applicable international obligations.
• (c) The President may waive the application of sanctions under subsection (b) with respect to a person if the President—
  • (1) determines that such a waiver is in the national security interests of the United States; and
  • (2) on or before the date on which the waiver takes effect, submits to the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives a notice of and a justification for the waiver.
• (d) Subject to section 9511 of this title , the President may terminate the application of sanctions under subsection (b) with respect to a person if the President submits to the appropriate congressional committees a notice that—
  • (1) the person is not engaging in the activity that was the basis for the sanctions or has taken significant verifiable steps toward stopping the activity; and
  • (2) the President has received reliable assurances that the person will not knowingly engage in activity subject to sanctions under subsection (a) in the future.
• (e) The President shall issue such regulations, licenses, and orders as are necessary to carry out this section.

§ 8908. Sanctions on persons in the Russian Federation complicit in or responsible for significant corruption

• (a) The President shall impose the sanctions described in subsection (b) with respect to—
  • (1) any official of the Government of the Russian Federation, or a close associate or family member of such an official, that the President determines is, on or after August 2, 2017 , responsible for, or complicit in, or responsible for ordering, controlling, or otherwise directing, acts of significant corruption in the Russian Federation or elsewhere, including the expropriation of private or public assets for personal gain, corruption related to government contracts or the extraction of natural resources, bribery, or the facilitation or transfer of the proceeds of corruption to foreign jurisdictions; and
  • (2) any individual who has materially assisted, sponsored, or provided financial, material, or technological support for, or goods or services in support of, an act described in paragraph (1).
• (b)
  • (1) The sanctions described in this subsection are the following:
    • (A) The exercise of all powers granted to the President by the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ( 50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to the extent necessary to block and prohibit all transactions in all property and interests in property of a person determined by the President to be subject to subsection (a) if such property and interests in property are in the United States, come within the United States, or are or come within the possession or control of a United States person.
    • (B) In the case of an alien determined by the President to be subject to subsection (a), denial of a visa to, and exclusion from the United States of, the alien, and revocation in accordance with section 1201(i) of title 8 , of any visa or other documentation of the alien.
  • (2) A person that violates, attempts to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation of paragraph (1)(A) or any regulation, license, or order issued to carry out paragraph (1)(A) shall be subject to the penalties set forth in subsections (b) and (c) of section 206 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ( 50 U.S.C. 1705 ) to the same extent as a person that commits an unlawful act described in subsection (a) of that section.
  • (3)
    • (A) The authority to block and prohibit all transactions in all property and interests in property under paragraph (1)(A) shall not include the authority to impose sanctions on the importation of goods.
    • (B) In this paragraph, the term “good” has the meaning given that term in section 4618 1 1 See References in Text note below. of title 50 (as continued in effect pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ( 50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.)).
  • (4) Sanctions under paragraph (1)(B) shall not apply to an alien if admitting the alien into the United States is necessary to permit the United States to comply with the Agreement regarding the Headquarters of the United Nations, signed at Lake Success June 26, 1947 , and entered into force November 21, 1947 , between the United Nations and the United States, or other applicable international obligations.
• (c) except 2 2 So in original. Probably should be capitalized. as provided in subsection (d), the President may waive the application of sanctions under subsection (b) with respect to a person if the President—
  • (1) determines that such a waiver is in the national security interests of the United States; and
  • (2) on or before the date on which the waiver takes effect, submits to the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives a notice of and a justification for the waiver.
• (d) Subject to section 9511 of this title , the President may terminate the application of sanctions under subsection (b) with respect to a person if the President submits to the appropriate congressional committees a notice that—
  • (1) the person is not engaging in the activity that was the basis for the sanctions or has taken significant verifiable steps toward stopping the activity; and
  • (2) the President has received reliable assurances that the person will not knowingly engage in activity subject to sanctions under subsection (a) in the future.
• (e) The President may waive the initial application of sanctions under subsection (b) with respect to a person only if the President submits to the appropriate congressional committees—
  • (1) a written determination that the waiver—
    • (A) is in the vital national security interests of the United States; or
    • (B) will further the enforcement of this chapter; and
  • (2) a certification that the Government of the Russian Federation is taking steps to implement the Minsk Agreement to address the ongoing conflict in eastern Ukraine, signed in Minsk, Belarus, on February 11, 2015 , by the leaders of Ukraine, Russia, France, and Germany, the Minsk Protocol, which was agreed to on September 5, 2014 , and any successor agreements that are agreed to by the Government of Ukraine.
• (e) The President shall issue such regulations, licenses, and orders as are necessary to carry out this section.

§ 8909. Mandatory imposition of sanctions with respect to certain transactions with persons that evade sanctions imposed with respect to the Russian Federation

• (a) The President shall impose the sanctions described in subsection (b) with respect to a foreign person if the President determines that the foreign person knowingly, on or after August 2, 2017 —
  • (1) materially violates, attempts to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation of any license, order, regulation, or prohibition contained in or issued pursuant to any covered Executive order, this chapter, or the Ukraine Freedom Support Act of 2014 ( 22 U.S.C. 8921 et seq.); or
  • (2) facilitates a significant transaction or transactions, including deceptive or structured transactions, for or on behalf of—
    • (A) any person subject to sanctions imposed by the United States with respect to the Russian Federation; or
    • (B) any child, spouse, parent, or sibling of an individual described in subparagraph (A).
• (b) The sanctions described in this subsection are the exercise of all powers granted to the President by the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ( 50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to the extent necessary to block and prohibit all transactions in all property and interests in property of a person determined by the President to be subject to subsection (a) if such property and interests in property are in the United States, come within the United States, or are or come within the possession or control of a United States person.
• (c)
  • (1) The President may exercise all authorities provided to the President under sections 203 and 205 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ( 50 U.S.C. 1702 and 1704) to carry out subsection (b).
  • (2) A person that violates, attempts to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation of subsection (b) or any regulation, license, or order issued to carry out subsection (b) shall be subject to the penalties set forth in subsections (b) and (c) of section 206 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ( 50 U.S.C. 1705 ) to the same extent as a person that commits an unlawful act described in subsection (a) of that section.
• (d) The President may waive the initial application of sanctions under subsection (b) with respect to a person only if the President submits to the appropriate congressional committees—
  • (1) a written determination that the waiver—
    • (A) is in the vital national security interests of the United States; or
    • (B) will further the enforcement of this chapter;
  • (2) in the case of sanctions imposed under this section in connection with a covered Executive order described in subparagraph (A), (B), (C), or (D) of subsection (f)(1), a certification that the Government of the Russian Federation is taking steps to implement the Minsk Agreement to address the ongoing conflict in eastern Ukraine, signed in Minsk, Belarus, on February 11, 2015 , by the leaders of Ukraine, Russia, France, and Germany, the Minsk Protocol, which was agreed to on September 5, 2014 , and any successor agreements that are agreed to by the Government of Ukraine; and
  • (3) in the case of sanctions imposed under this section in connection with a covered Executive order described in subparagraphs (E) or (F) of subsection (f)(1), a certification that the Government of the Russian Federation has made significant efforts to reduce the number and intensity of cyber intrusions conducted by that Government.
• (e) Subject to section 9511 of this title , the President may terminate the application of sanctions under subsection (b) with respect to a person if the President submits to the appropriate congressional committees—
  • (1) a notice of and justification for the termination; and
  • (2) a notice that—
    • (A) the person is not engaging in the activity that was the basis for the sanctions or has taken significant verifiable steps toward stopping the activity; and
    • (B) the President has received reliable assurances that the person will not knowingly engage in activity subject to sanctions under subsection (a) in the future.
• (f) In this section:
  • (1) The term “covered Executive order” means any of the following:
    • (A) Executive Order No. 13660 (79 Fed. Reg. 13493; relating to blocking property of certain persons contributing to the situation in Ukraine).
    • (B) Executive Order No. 13661 (79 Fed. Reg. 15535; relating to blocking property of additional persons contributing to the situation in Ukraine).
    • (C) Executive Order No. 13662 (79 Fed. Reg. 16169; relating to blocking property of additional persons contributing to the situation in Ukraine).
    • (D) Executive Order No. 13685 (79 Fed. Reg. 77357; relating to blocking property of certain persons and prohibiting certain transactions with respect to the Crimea region of Ukraine).
    • (E) Executive Order No. 13694 (80 Fed. Reg. 18077; relating to blocking the property of certain persons engaging in significant malicious cyber-enabled activities), relating to the Russian Federation.
    • (F) Executive Order No. 13757 (82 Fed. Reg. 1; relating to taking additional steps to address the national emergency with respect to significant malicious cyber-enabled activities), relating to the Russian Federation.
  • (2) The term “foreign person” has the meaning given such term in section 595.304 of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on August 2, 2017 ).
  • (3) The term “structured”, with respect to a transaction, has the meaning given the term “structure” in paragraph (xx) of section 1010.100 of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations (or any corresponding similar regulation or ruling).

§ 8910. Mandatory imposition of sanctions with respect to transactions with persons responsible for human rights abuses

• (a) The President shall impose the sanctions described in subsection (b) with respect to a foreign person if the President determines that the foreign person, based on credible information, on or after August 2, 2017 —
  • (1) is responsible for, complicit in, or responsible for ordering, controlling, or otherwise directing, the commission of serious human rights abuses in any territory forcibly occupied or otherwise controlled by the Government of the Russian Federation;
  • (2) materially assists, sponsors, or provides financial, material, or technological support for, or goods or services to, a foreign person described in paragraph (1); or
  • (3) is owned or controlled by, or acts or purports to act for or on behalf of, directly or indirectly, a foreign person described in paragraph (1).
• (b)
  • (1) The exercise of all powers granted to the President by the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ( 50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to the extent necessary to block and prohibit all transactions in all property and interests in property of a person determined by the President to be subject to subsection (a) if such property and interests in property are in the United States, come within the United States, or are or come within the possession or control of a United States person.
  • (2) In the case of an alien determined by the President to be subject to subsection (a), denial of a visa to, and exclusion from the United States of, the alien, and revocation in accordance with section 1201(i) of title 8 , of any visa or other documentation of the alien.
• (c) The President may waive the initial application of sanctions under subsection (b) with respect to a person only if the President submits to the appropriate congressional committees—
  • (1) a written determination that the waiver—
    • (A) is in the vital national security interests of the United States; or
    • (B) will further the enforcement of this chapter; and
  • (2) a certification that the Government of the Russian Federation has made efforts to reduce serious human rights abuses in territory forcibly occupied or otherwise controlled by that Government.
• (d)
  • (1) The President may exercise all authorities provided to the President under sections 203 and 205 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ( 50 U.S.C. 1702 and 1704) to carry out subsection (b)(1).
  • (2) A person that violates, attempts to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation of subsection (b)(1) or any regulation, license, or order issued to carry out subsection (b)(1) shall be subject to the penalties set forth in subsections (b) and (c) of section 206 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ( 50 U.S.C. 1705 ) to the same extent as a person that commits an unlawful act described in subsection (a) of that section.
• (e) Subject to section 9511 of this title , the President may terminate the application of sanctions under subsection (b) with respect to a person if the President submits to the appropriate congressional committees—
  • (1) a notice of and justification for the termination; and
  • (2) a notice—
    • (A) that—
      • (i) the person is not engaging in the activity that was the basis for the sanctions or has taken significant verifiable steps toward stopping the activity; and
      • (ii) the President has received reliable assurances that the person will not knowingly engage in activity subject to sanctions under subsection (a) in the future; or
    • (B) that the President determines that insufficient basis exists for the determination by the President under subsection (a) with respect to the person.

§ 8921. Definitions

In this chapter:

• (1) The terms “account”, “correspondent account”, and “payable-through account” have the meanings given those terms in section 5318A of title 31 .
• (2) The term “appropriate congressional committees” means—
  • (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate; and
  • (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives.
• (3) The terms “defense article”, “defense service”, and “training” have the meanings given those terms in section 2794 of this title .
• (4) The term “financial institution” means a financial institution specified in subparagraph (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), (F), (G), (H), (I), (J), (M), or (Y) of section 5312(a)(2) of title 31 .
• (5) The term “foreign financial institution” has the meaning given that term in section 561.308 of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations (or any corresponding similar regulation or ruling).
• (6) The term “foreign person” means any individual or entity that is not a United States citizen, a permanent resident alien, or an entity organized under the laws of the United States or any jurisdiction within the United States.
• (7) The term “knowingly”, with respect to conduct, a circumstance, or a result, means that a person has actual knowledge, or should have known, of the conduct, the circumstance, or the result.
• (8) The term “Russian person” means—
  • (A) an individual who is a citizen or national of the Russian Federation; or
  • (B) an entity organized under the laws of the Russian Federation.
• (9) The term “special Russian crude oil project” means a project intended to extract crude oil from—
  • (A) the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation in waters more than 500 feet deep;
  • (B) Russian Arctic offshore locations; or
  • (C) shale formations located in the Russian Federation.

§ 8922. Statement of policy regarding Ukraine

It is the policy of the United States to further assist the Government of Ukraine in restoring its sovereignty and territorial integrity to deter the Government of the Russian Federation from further destabilizing and invading Ukraine and other independent countries in Central and Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, and Central Asia. That policy shall be carried into effect, among other things, through a comprehensive effort, in coordination with allies and partners of the United States where appropriate, that includes economic sanctions, diplomacy, assistance for the people of Ukraine, and the provision of military capabilities to the Government of Ukraine that will enhance the ability of that Government to defend itself and to restore its sovereignty and territorial integrity in the face of unlawful actions by the Government of the Russian Federation.

§ 8923. Sanctions relating to the defense and energy sectors of the Russian Federation

• (a)
  • (1) Except as provided in subsection (d), not later than 30 days after December 18, 2014 , the President shall impose 3 or more of the sanctions described in subsection (c) with respect to Rosoboronexport.
  • (2) Except as provided in subsection (d), on and after the date that is 45 days after December 18, 2014 , the President shall impose 3 or more of the sanctions described in subsection (c) with respect to a foreign person the President determines—
    • (A) is an entity—
      • (i) owned or controlled by the Government of the Russian Federation or owned or controlled by nationals of the Russian Federation; and
      • (ii) that—
        • (I) knowingly manufactures or sells defense articles transferred into Syria or into the territory of a specified country without the consent of the internationally recognized government of that country;
        • (II) transfers defense articles into Syria or into the territory of a specified country without the consent of the internationally recognized government of that country; or
        • (III) brokers or otherwise assists in the transfer of defense articles into Syria or into the territory of a specified country without the consent of the internationally recognized government of that country; or
    • (B) knowingly, on or after December 18, 2014 , assists, sponsors, or provides financial, material, or technological support for, or goods or services to or in support of, an entity described in subparagraph (A) with respect to an activity described in clause (ii) of that subparagraph.
  • (3)
    • (A) In this subsection, the term “specified country” means—
      • (i) Ukraine, Georgia, and Moldova; and
      • (ii) any other country designated by the President as a country of significant concern for purposes of this subsection, such as Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and the Central Asia republics.
    • (B) The President shall notify the appropriate congressional committees in writing not later than 15 days before—
      • (i) designating a country as a country of significant concern under subparagraph (A)(ii); or
      • (ii) terminating a designation under that subparagraph, including the termination of any such designation pursuant to subsection (i).
• (b)
  • (1) Except as provided in subsection (d), on and after the date that is 30 days after August 2, 2017 , the President shall impose, unless the President determines that it is not in the national interest of the United States to do so, 3 or more of the sanctions described in subsection (c) with respect to a foreign person if the President determines that the foreign person knowingly makes a significant investment in a special Russian crude oil project.
  • (2) The President, through the Bureau of Industry and Security of the Department of Commerce or the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the Department of the Treasury, as appropriate, may impose additional licensing requirements for or other restrictions on the export or reexport of items for use in the energy sector of the Russian Federation, including equipment used for tertiary oil recovery.
  • (3) If the President determines that Gazprom is withholding significant natural gas supplies from member countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, or further withholds significant natural gas supplies from countries such as Ukraine, Georgia, or Moldova, the President shall, not later than 45 days after making that determination, impose the sanction described in subsection (c)(7) and at least one additional sanction described in subsection (c) with respect to Gazprom.
• (c) The sanctions the President may impose with respect to a foreign person under subsection (a) or (b) are the following:
  • (1) The President may direct the Export-Import Bank of the United States not to approve the issuance of any guarantee, insurance, extension of credit, or participation in the extension of credit in connection with the export of any goods or services to the foreign person.
  • (2) The President may prohibit the head of any executive agency (as defined in section 133 of title 41 ) from entering into any contract for the procurement of any goods or services from the foreign person.
  • (3) The President may prohibit the exportation or provision by sale, lease or loan, grant, or other means, directly or indirectly, of any defense article or defense service to the foreign person and the issuance of any license or other approval to the foreign person under section 2778 of this title .
  • (4) The President may prohibit the issuance of any license and suspend any license for the transfer to the foreign person of any item the export of which is controlled under the Export Administration Act of 1979 (50 U.S.C. App. 2401 et seq.) 1 1 See References in Text note below. (as in effect pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ( 50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.)) or the Export Administration Regulations under subchapter C of chapter VII of title 15, Code of Federal Regulations.
  • (5) The President may, pursuant to such regulations as the President may prescribe, prohibit any person from—
    • (A) acquiring, holding, withholding, using, transferring, withdrawing, transporting, or exporting any property that is subject to the jurisdiction of the United States and with respect to which the foreign person has any interest;
    • (B) dealing in or exercising any right, power, or privilege with respect to such property; or
    • (C) conducting any transaction involving such property.
  • (6) The President may, pursuant to such regulations as the President may prescribe, prohibit any transfers of credit or payments between financial institutions or by, through, or to any financial institution, to the extent that such transfers or payments are subject to the jurisdiction of the United States and involve any interest of the foreign person.
  • (7) The President may, pursuant to such regulations as the President may prescribe, prohibit any United States person from transacting in, providing financing for, or otherwise dealing in—
    • (A) debt—
      • (i) of longer than 30 days’ maturity of a foreign person with respect to which sanctions are imposed under subsection (a) or of longer than 90 days’ maturity of a foreign person with respect to which sanctions are imposed under subsection (b); and
      • (ii) issued on or after the date on which such sanctions are imposed with respect to the foreign person; or
    • (B) equity of the foreign person issued on or after that date.
  • (8) In the case of a foreign person who is an individual, the President may direct the Secretary of State to deny a visa to, and the Secretary of Homeland Security to exclude from the United States, the foreign person, subject to regulatory exceptions to permit the United States to comply with the Agreement regarding the Headquarters of the United Nations, signed at Lake Success June 26, 1947 , and entered into force November 21, 1947 , between the United Nations and the United States, or other applicable international obligations.
  • (9) In the case of a foreign person that is an entity, the President may impose on the principal executive officer or officers of the foreign person, or on individuals performing similar functions and with similar authorities as such officer or officers, any of the sanctions described in this subsection applicable to individuals.
• (d)
  • (1)
    • (A) The authority to block and prohibit all transactions in all property and interests in property under subsection (c)(5) shall not include the authority to impose sanctions on the importation of goods.
    • (B) In this paragraph, the term “good” has the meaning given that term in section 16 of the Export Administration Act of 1979 (50 U.S.C. App. 2415) 1 (as continued in effect pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ( 50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.)).
  • (2) The President shall not be required to apply or maintain the sanctions under subsection (a) or (b)—
    • (A) in the case of procurement of defense articles or defense services under existing contracts, subcontracts, or other business agreements, including ancillary or incidental contracts for goods, or for services or funding (including necessary financial services) associated with such goods, as necessary to give effect to such contracts, subcontracts, or other business agreements, and the exercise of options for production quantities to satisfy requirements essential to the national security of the United States—
      • (i) if the President determines in writing that—
        • (I) the foreign person to which the sanctions would otherwise be applied is a sole source supplier of the defense articles or services;
        • (II) the defense articles or services are essential;
        • (III) alternative sources are not readily or reasonably available; and
        • (IV) the national interests of the United States would be adversely affected by the application or maintenance of such sanctions; or
      • (ii) if the President determines in writing that—
        • (I) such articles or services are essential to the national security under defense coproduction agreements; and
        • (II) the national interests of the United States would be adversely affected by the application or maintenance of such sanctions;
    • (B) in the case of procurement, to eligible products, as defined in section 2518(4) of title 19 , of any foreign country or instrumentality designated under section 2511(b)(1) of title 19 ;
    • (C) to products, technology, or services provided under contracts, subcontracts, or other business agreements (including ancillary or incidental contracts for goods, or for services or funding (including necessary financial services) associated with such goods, as necessary to give effect to such contracts, subcontracts, or other business agreements) entered into before the date on which the President publishes in the Federal Register the name of the foreign person with respect to which the sanctions are to be imposed;
    • (D) to—
      • (i) spare parts that are essential to United States products or production;
      • (ii) component parts, but not finished products, essential to United States products or production; or
      • (iii) routine servicing and maintenance of United States products, to the extent that alternative sources are not readily or reasonably available;
    • (E) to information and technology essential to United States products or production; or
    • (F) to food, medicine, medical devices, or agricultural commodities (as those terms are defined in section 8511 of this title ).
• (e)
  • (1) The President may waive the application of sanctions under subsection (a) or (b) with respect to a foreign person if the President—
    • (A) determines that the waiver is in the national security interest of the United States; and
    • (B) submits to the appropriate congressional committees a report on the determination and the reasons for the determination.
  • (2) The report required by paragraph (1)(B) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.
• (f)
  • (1) The President may waive the application of sanctions under subsection (a) or (b) with respect to a specific transaction if the President—
    • (A) determines that the transaction is in the national security interest of the United States; and
    • (B) submits to the appropriate congressional committees a detailed report on the determination and the specific reasons for the determination that a waiver with respect to the transaction is necessary and appropriate.
  • (2) The report required by paragraph (1)(B) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.
• (g)
  • (1) The President shall notify the appropriate congressional committees in writing not later than 15 days after imposing sanctions with respect to a foreign person under subsection (a) or (b).
  • (2) Subject to section 9511 of this title , the President may terminate the imposition of sanctions under subsection (a)(2) with respect to a foreign person if the President submits to the appropriate congressional committees—
    • (A) a notice of and justification for the termination; and
    • (B) a notice that—
      • (i) the foreign person is not engaging in the activity that was the basis for the sanctions or has taken significant verifiable steps toward stopping the activity; and
      • (ii) the President has received reliable assurances that the foreign person will not knowingly engage in activity subject to sanctions under subsection (a)(2) in the future.
• (h)
  • (1) The President may exercise all authorities provided under sections 203 and 205 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ( 50 U.S.C. 1702 and 1704) to carry out the purposes of this section.
  • (2) The penalties provided for in subsections (b) and (c) of section 206 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ( 50 U.S.C. 1705 ) shall apply to a person that violates, attempts to violate, or conspires to violate, or causes a violation of, subsection (a) or (b) of this section, or an order or regulation prescribed under either such subsection, to the same extent that such penalties apply to a person that commits an unlawful act described in section 206(a) of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act.
• (i)
  • (1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), this section, and sanctions imposed under this section, shall terminate on the date on which the President submits to the appropriate congressional committees a certification that the Government of the Russian Federation has ceased ordering, controlling, or otherwise directing, supporting, or financing, significant acts intended to undermine the peace, security, stability, sovereignty, or territorial integrity of Ukraine, including through an agreement between the appropriate parties.
  • (2) The termination date under paragraph (1) shall not apply with respect to the provisions of subsection (a) relating to the transfer of defense articles into Syria or sanctions imposed pursuant to such provisions.

§ 8924. Sanctions on Russian and other foreign financial institutions

• (a) The President shall impose, unless the President determines that it is not in the national interest of the United States to do so, the sanction described in subsection (c) with respect to a foreign financial institution that the President determines knowingly engages, on or after August 2, 2017 , in significant transactions involving activities described in subparagraph (A)(ii) or (B) of section 8923(a)(2) of this title or paragraph (1) or (3) of section 8923(b) of this title for persons with respect to which sanctions are imposed under section 8923 of this title .
• (b) The President shall impose, unless the President determines that it is not in the national interest of the United States to do so, the sanction described in subsection (c) with respect to a foreign financial institution if the President determines that the foreign financial institution has, on or after the date that is 30 days after August 2, 2017 , knowingly facilitated a significant financial transaction on behalf of any Russian person included on the list of specially designated nationals and blocked persons maintained by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the Department of the Treasury, pursuant to—
  • (1) this chapter;
  • (2) Executive Order No. 13660 (79 Fed. Reg. 13,493), 13661 (79 Fed. Reg. 15,535), or 13662 (79 Fed. Reg. 16,169); or
  • (3) any other Executive order addressing the crisis in Ukraine.
• (c) The sanction described in this subsection is, with respect to a foreign financial institution, a prohibition on the opening, and a prohibition or the imposition of strict conditions on the maintaining, in the United States of a correspondent account or a payable-through account by the foreign financial institution.
• (d) The President may waive the application of sanctions under this section with respect to a foreign financial institution if the President—
  • (1) determines that the waiver is in the national security interest of the United States; and
  • (2) submits to the appropriate congressional committees a report on the determination and the reasons for the determination.
• (e) The President shall notify the appropriate congressional committees in writing not later than 15 days after imposing sanctions with respect to a foreign financial institution under subsection (a) or (b).
• (f)
  • (1) The President may exercise all authorities provided under sections 1702 and 1704 of title 50 to carry out the purposes of this section.
  • (2) The penalties provided for in subsections (b) and (c) of section 1705 of title 50 shall apply to a person that violates, attempts to violate, or conspires to violate, or causes a violation of, subsection (a) or (b) of this section, or an order or regulation prescribed under either such subsection, to the same extent that such penalties apply to a person that commits an unlawful act described in section 1705(a) of title 50 .
• (g) This section, and sanctions imposed under this section, shall terminate on the date on which the President submits to the appropriate congressional committees the certification described in section 8923(i) of this title .

§ 8925. Increased military assistance for the Government of Ukraine

• (a) The President is authorized to provide defense articles, defense services, and training to the Government of Ukraine for the purpose of countering offensive weapons and reestablishing the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine, including anti-tank and anti-armor weapons, crew weapons and ammunition, counter-artillery radars to identify and target artillery batteries, fire control, range finder, and optical and guidance and control equipment, tactical troop-operated surveillance drones, and secure command and communications equipment, pursuant to the provisions of the Arms Export Control Act ( 22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.), the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 ( 22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.), and other relevant provisions of law.
• (b) Not later than 60 days after December 18, 2014 , the President shall submit a report detailing the anticipated defense articles, defense services, and training to be provided pursuant to this section and a timeline for the provision of such defense articles, defense services, and training, to—
  • (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on Appropriations, and the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate; and
  • (2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on Appropriations, and the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives.
• (c)
  • (1) There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of State $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2015, $125,000,000 for fiscal year 2016, and $125,000,000 for fiscal year 2017 to carry out activities under this section.
  • (2) Amounts authorized to be appropriated pursuant to paragraph (1) shall remain available for obligation and expenditure through the end of fiscal year 2018.
• (d) The funds made available pursuant to subsection (c) for provision of defense articles, defense services, and training may be used to procure such articles, services, and training from the United States Government or other appropriate sources.
• (e) It is the sense of Congress that the Government of Ukraine should take all appropriate steps to protect civilians.

§ 8926. Expanded nonmilitary assistance for Ukraine

• (a)
  • (1) Not later than 30 days after December 18, 2014 , the Secretary of State shall submit a plan, including actions by the United States Government, other governments, and international organizations, to meet the need for protection of and assistance for internally displaced persons in Ukraine, to—
    • (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on Appropriations, and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate; and
    • (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on Appropriations, and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives.
  • (2) The plan required by paragraph (1) should include, as appropriate, activities in support of—
    • (A) helping to establish a functional and adequately resourced central registration system in Ukraine that can ensure coordination of efforts to provide assistance to internally displaced persons in different regions;
    • (B) encouraging adoption of legislation in Ukraine that protects internally displaced persons from discrimination based on their status and provides simplified procedures for obtaining the new residency registration or other official documentation that is a prerequisite to receiving appropriate social payments under the laws of Ukraine, such as pensions and disability, child, and unemployment benefits; and
    • (C) helping to ensure that information is available to internally displaced persons about—
      • (i) government agencies and independent groups that can provide assistance to such persons in various regions; and
      • (ii) evacuation assistance available to persons seeking to flee armed conflict areas.
  • (3) The President shall instruct the United States permanent representative or executive director, as the case may be, to the relevant United Nations voluntary agencies, including the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, and other appropriate international organizations, to use the voice and vote of the United States to support appropriate assistance for internally displaced persons in Ukraine.
• (b) The Secretary of State and the Secretary of Defense should assist entities in the defense sector of Ukraine to reorient exports away from customers in the Russian Federation and to find appropriate alternative markets for those entities in the defense sector of Ukraine that have already significantly reduced exports to and cooperation with entities in the defense sector of the Russian Federation.
• (c)
  • (1)
    • (A) The Secretary of State and the Secretary of Energy, in collaboration with the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development and the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, shall work with officials of the Government of Ukraine to develop a short-term emergency energy assistance plan designed to help Ukraine address the potentially severe short-term heating fuel and electricity shortages facing Ukraine in 2014 and 2015.
    • (B) The plan required by subparagraph (A) should include strategies to address heating fuel and electricity shortages in Ukraine, including, as appropriate—
      • (i) the acquisition of short-term, emergency fuel supplies;
      • (ii) the repair or replacement of infrastructure that could impede the transmission of electricity or transportation of fuel;
      • (iii) the prioritization of the transportation of fuel supplies to the areas where such supplies are needed most;
      • (iv) streamlining emergency communications throughout national, regional, and local governments to manage the potential energy crisis resulting from heating fuel and electricity shortages;
      • (v) forming a crisis management team within the Government of Ukraine to specifically address the potential crisis, including ensuring coordination of the team’s efforts with the efforts of outside governmental and nongovernmental entities providing assistance to address the potential crisis; and
      • (vi) developing a public outreach strategy to facilitate preparation by the population and communication with the population in the event of a crisis.
    • (C) The Secretary of State, the Secretary of Energy, and the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development are authorized to provide assistance in support of, and to invest in short-term solutions for, enabling Ukraine to secure the energy safety of the people of Ukraine during 2014 and 2015, including through—
      • (i) procurement and transport of emergency fuel supplies, including reverse pipeline flows from Europe;
      • (ii) provision of technical assistance for crisis planning, crisis response, and public outreach;
      • (iii) repair of infrastructure to enable the transport of fuel supplies;
      • (iv) repair of power generating or power transmission equipment or facilities;
      • (v) procurement and installation of compressors or other appropriate equipment to enhance short-term natural gas production;
      • (vi) procurement of mobile electricity generation units;
      • (vii) conversion of natural gas heating facilities to run on other fuels, including alternative energy sources; and
      • (viii) provision of emergency weatherization and winterization materials and supplies.
  • (2)
    • (A) The Secretary of State, in collaboration with the Secretary of Energy and the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development, shall work with officials of the Government of Ukraine to develop medium- and long-term plans to increase energy production and efficiency to increase energy security by helping Ukraine reduce its dependence on natural gas imported from the Russian Federation.
    • (B) The medium- and long-term plans required by subparagraph (A) should include strategies, as appropriate, to—
      • (i) improve corporate governance and unbundling of state-owned oil and gas sector firms;
      • (ii) increase production from natural gas fields and from other sources, including renewable energy;
      • (iii) license new oil and gas blocks transparently and competitively;
      • (iv) modernize oil and gas upstream infrastructure; and
      • (v) improve energy efficiency.
    • (C) The Secretary of State, the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development, and the Secretary of Energy should, during fiscal years 2015 through 2018, work with other donors, including multilateral agencies and nongovernmental organizations, to prioritize, to the extent practicable and as appropriate, the provision of assistance from such donors to help Ukraine to improve energy efficiency, increase energy supplies produced in Ukraine, and reduce reliance on energy imports from the Russian Federation, including natural gas.
    • (D) There are authorized to be appropriated $50,000,000 in the aggregate for fiscal years 2016 through 2018 to carry out activities under this paragraph.
  • (3) The United States International Development Finance Corporation shall—
    • (A) prioritize, to the extent practicable, support for investments to help increase energy efficiency, develop domestic oil and natural gas reserves, improve and repair electricity infrastructure, and develop renewable and other sources of energy in Ukraine; and
    • (B) implement procedures for expedited review and, as appropriate, approval, of applications for loans, loan guarantees, and insurance for such investments.
  • (4) The President shall, to the extent practicable and as appropriate, direct the United States Executive Directors of the World Bank Group and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development to use the voice, vote, and influence of the United States to encourage the World Bank Group and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and other international financial institutions—
    • (A) to invest in, and increase their efforts to promote investment in, projects to improve energy efficiency, improve and repair electricity infrastructure, develop domestic oil and natural gas reserves, and develop renewable and other sources of energy in Ukraine; and
    • (B) to stimulate private investment in such projects.
• (d)
  • (1) The Secretary of State and the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development shall, directly or through nongovernmental or international organizations, such as the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, the National Endowment for Democracy, and related organizations—
    • (A) strengthen the organizational and operational capacity of democratic civil society in Ukraine;
    • (B) support the efforts of independent media outlets to broadcast, distribute, and share information in all regions of Ukraine;
    • (C) counter corruption and improve transparency and accountability of institutions that are part of the Government of Ukraine; and
    • (D) provide support for democratic organizing and election monitoring in Ukraine.
  • (2) Not later than 60 days after December 18, 2014 , the President shall submit a strategy to carry out the activities described in paragraph (1) to—
    • (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and
    • (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.
  • (3) There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of State $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2016 to carry out this subsection.
  • (4) Any assistance provided pursuant to this subsection shall be conducted in as transparent of a manner as possible, consistent with the nature and goals of this subsection. The President shall provide a briefing on the activities funded by this subsection at the request of the committees specified in paragraph (2).

§ 8927. Expanded broadcasting in countries of the former Soviet Union

• (a) Not later than 90 days after December 18, 2014 , the Chairman of the Broadcasting Board of Governors shall submit to Congress a plan, including a cost estimate, for immediately and substantially increasing, and maintaining through fiscal year 2017, the quantity of Russian-language broadcasting into the countries of the former Soviet Union funded by the United States in order to counter Russian Federation propaganda.
• (b) The plan required by subsection (a) shall prioritize broadcasting into Ukraine, Georgia, and Moldova by the Voice of America and Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty.
• (c) In developing the plan required by subsection (a), the Chairman shall consider—
  • (1) near-term increases in Russian-language broadcasting for countries of the former Soviet Union (other than the countries specified in subsection (b)), including Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia; and
  • (2) increases in broadcasting in other critical languages, including Ukrainian and Romanian languages.
• (d) In this section, the term “broadcasting” means the distribution of media content via radio broadcasting, television broadcasting, and Internet-based platforms, among other platforms.
• (e)
  • (1) There are authorized to be appropriated to the Broadcasting Board of Governors $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2016 through 2018 to carry out activities under this section.
  • (2) Amounts authorized to be appropriated pursuant to paragraph (1) shall supplement and not supplant other amounts made available for activities described in this section.

§ 8928. Support for Russian democracy and civil society organizations

• (a) The Secretary of State shall, directly or through nongovernmental or international organizations, such as the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, the National Endowment for Democracy, and related organizations—
  • (1) improve democratic governance, transparency, accountability, rule of law, and anti-corruption efforts in the Russian Federation;
  • (2) strengthen democratic institutions and political and civil society organizations in the Russian Federation;
  • (3) expand uncensored Internet access in the Russian Federation; and
  • (4) expand free and unfettered access to independent media of all kinds in the Russian Federation, including through increasing United States Government-supported broadcasting activities, and assist with the protection of journalists and civil society activists who have been targeted for free speech activities.
• (b) There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of State $20,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2016 through 2018 to carry out the activities set forth in subsection (a).
• (c) Not later than 60 days after December 18, 2014 , the President shall submit a strategy to carry out the activities set forth in subsection (a) to—
  • (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and
  • (2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.
• (d) Any assistance provided pursuant to this section shall be conducted in as transparent of a manner as possible, consistent with the nature and goals of this section. The President shall provide a briefing on the activities funded by this section at the request of the committees specified in subsection (c).

§ 8929. Report on non-compliance by the Russian Federation of its obligations under the INF Treaty

• (a) Congress makes the following findings:
  • (1) The Russian Federation is in violation of its obligations under the Treaty between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Elimination of Their Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles, signed at Washington December 8, 1987 , and entered into force June 1, 1988 (commonly referred to as the “Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty” or “INF Treaty”).
  • (2) This behavior poses a threat to the United States, its deployed forces, and its allies.
• (b) It is the sense of Congress that—
  • (1) the President should hold the Russian Federation accountable for being in violation of its obligations under the INF Treaty; and
  • (2) the President should demand the Russian Federation completely and verifiably eliminate the military systems that constitute the violation of its obligations under the INF Treaty.
• (c)
  • (1) Not later than 90 days after December 18, 2014 , and every 90 days thereafter, the President shall submit to the committees specified in subsection (d) a report that includes the following elements:
    • (A) A description of the status of the President’s efforts, in cooperation with United States allies, to hold the Russian Federation accountable for being in violation of its obligations under the INF Treaty and obtain the complete and verifiable elimination of its military systems that constitute the violation of its obligations under the INF Treaty.
    • (B) The President’s assessment as to whether it remains in the national security interests of the United States to remain a party to the INF Treaty, and other related treaties and agreements, while the Russian Federation is in violation of its obligations under the INF Treaty.
    • (C) Notification of any deployment by the Russian Federation of a ground launched ballistic or cruise missile system with a range of between 500 and 5,500 kilometers.
    • (D) A plan developed by the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Director of National Intelligence and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA), to verify that the Russian Federation has fully and completely dismantled any ground launched cruise missiles or ballistic missiles with a range of between 500 and 5,500 kilometers, including details on facilities that inspectors need access to, people inspectors need to talk with, how often inspectors need the accesses for, and how much the verification regime would cost.
  • (2) The report required under paragraph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form but may contain a classified annex.
  • (3) The reporting requirement under paragraph (1) shall be in effect so long as the INF Treaty remains in force.
• (d) The committees specified in this subsection are—
  • (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on Armed Services, and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate; and
  • (2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on Armed Services, and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives.

§ 8930. Rule of construction

Nothing in this chapter shall be construed as an authorization for the use of military force.