§ 278n–1. Emergency communication and tracking technologies research initiative

• (a) The Director shall establish a research initiative to support the development of emergency communication and tracking technologies for use in locating trapped individuals in confined spaces, such as underground mines, and other shielded environments, such as high-rise buildings or collapsed structures, where conventional radio communication is limited.
• (b) In order to carry out this section, the Director shall work with the private sector and appropriate Federal agencies to—
  • (1) perform a needs assessment to identify and evaluate the measurement, technical standards, and conformity assessment needs required to improve the operation and reliability of such emergency communication and tracking technologies;
  • (2) support the development of technical standards and conformance architecture to improve the operation and reliability of such emergency communication and tracking technologies; and
  • (3) incorporate and build upon existing reports and studies on improving emergency communications.
• (c) Not later than 18 months after January 4, 2011 , the Director shall submit to Congress and make publicly available a report describing the assessment performed under subsection (b)(1) and making recommendations about research priorities to address gaps in the measurement, technical standards, and conformity assessment needs identified by the assessment.

§ 278n–2. Green manufacturing and construction

The Director shall carry out a green manufacturing and construction initiative—

• (1) to develop accurate sustainability metrics and practices for use in manufacturing;
• (2) to advance the development of standards, including high performance green building standards, and the creation of an information infrastructure to communicate sustainability information about suppliers; and
• (3) to move buildings toward becoming high performance green buildings, including improving energy performance, service life, and indoor air quality of new and retrofitted buildings through validated measurement data.

§ 278g–2a. Teacher science and technology enhancement Institute program

• (a) The Director shall establish within the Institute a teacher science and technology enhancement program to provide for professional development of mathematics and science teachers of elementary, middle, and secondary schools (as those terms are defined by the Director), including providing for the improvement of those teachers with respect to the understanding of science and the impacts of science on commerce.
• (b) In carrying out the program under this section, the Director shall focus on the areas of—
  • (1) scientific measurements;
  • (2) tests and standards development;
  • (3) industrial competitiveness and quality;
  • (4) manufacturing;
  • (5) technology transfer; and
  • (6) any other area of expertise of the Institute that the Director determines to be appropriate.
• (c) The Director shall develop and issue procedures and selection criteria for participants in the program. The Director shall give special consideration to an application from a teacher from a high-need school, as defined in section 1021 of title 20 .
• (d) The program under this section shall be conducted on an annual basis during the summer months, during the period of time when a majority of elementary, middle, and secondary schools have not commenced a school year.
• (e) The program shall provide for teachers’ participation in activities at the laboratory facilities of the Institute, or shall utilize other means of accomplishing the goals of the program as determined by the Director, which may include the Internet, video conferencing and recording, and workshops and conferences.

§ 278g–3. Computer standards program

• (a) The Institute shall—
  • (1) have the mission of developing standards, guidelines, and associated methods and techniques for information systems;
  • (2) develop standards and guidelines, including minimum requirements, for information systems used or operated by an agency or by a contractor of an agency or other organization on behalf of an agency, other than national security systems (as defined in section 3552(b)(5) 1 1 So in original. Probably should be “3552(b)(6)”. of title 44);
  • (3) develop standards and guidelines, including minimum requirements, for providing adequate information security for all agency operations and assets, but such standards and guidelines shall not apply to national security systems; and
  • (4) carry out the responsibilities described in paragraph (3) through the Computer Security Division.
• (b) The standards and guidelines required by subsection (a) shall include, at a minimum—
  • (1)
    • (A) standards to be used by all agencies to categorize all information and information systems collected or maintained by or on behalf of each agency based on the objectives of providing appropriate levels of information security according to a range of risk levels;
    • (B) guidelines recommending the types of information and information systems to be included in each such category; and
    • (C) minimum information security requirements for information and information systems in each such category;
  • (2) a definition of and guidelines concerning detection and handling of information security incidents; and
  • (3) guidelines developed in coordination with the National Security Agency for identifying an information system as a national security system consistent with applicable requirements for national security systems, issued in accordance with law and as directed by the President.
• (c) In developing standards and guidelines required by subsections (a) and (b), the Institute shall—
  • (1) consult with other agencies and offices (including, but not limited to, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, the Departments of Defense and Energy, the National Security Agency, the Government Accountability Office, and the Secretary of Homeland Security) to assure—
    • (A) use of appropriate information security policies, procedures, and techniques, in order to improve information security and avoid unnecessary and costly duplication of effort; and
    • (B) that such standards and guidelines are complementary with standards and guidelines employed for the protection of national security systems and information contained in such systems;
  • (2) provide the public with an opportunity to comment on proposed standards and guidelines;
  • (3) submit to the Director of the Office of Management and Budget for promulgation under section 11331 of title 40 —
    • (A) standards, as required under subsection (b)(1)(A), no later than 12 months after November 25, 2002 ; and
    • (B) minimum information security requirements for each category, as required under subsection (b)(1)(C), no later than 36 months after November 25, 2002 ;
  • (4) issue guidelines as required under subsection (b)(1)(B), no later than 18 months after November 25, 2002 ;
  • (5) ensure that such standards and guidelines do not require specific technological solutions or products, including any specific hardware or software security solutions;
  • (6) ensure that such standards and guidelines provide for sufficient flexibility to permit alternative solutions to provide equivalent levels of protection for identified information security risks; and
  • (7) use flexible, performance-based standards and guidelines that, to the greatest extent possible, permit the use of off-the-shelf commercially developed information security products.
• (d) The Institute shall—
  • (1) submit standards developed pursuant to subsection (a), along with recommendations as to the extent to which these should be made compulsory and binding, to the Director of the Office of Management and Budget for promulgation under section 11331 of title 40 ;
  • (2) provide assistance to agencies regarding—
    • (A) compliance with the standards and guidelines developed under subsection (a);
    • (B) detecting and handling information security incidents; and
    • (C) information security policies, procedures, and practices;
  • (3) conduct research and analysis—
    • (A) to determine the nature and extent of information security vulnerabilities and techniques for providing cost-effective information security;
    • (B) to review and determine prevalent information security challenges and deficiencies identified by agencies or the Institute, including any challenges or deficiencies described in any of the annual reports under section 3553 or 3554 of title 44, and in any of the reports and the independent evaluations under section 3555 of that title, that may undermine the effectiveness of agency information security programs and practices; and
    • (C) to evaluate the effectiveness and sufficiency of, and challenges to, Federal agencies’ implementation of standards and guidelines developed under this section and policies and standards promulgated under section 11331 of title 40 ;
  • (4) develop and periodically revise performance indicators and measures for agency information security policies and practices;
  • (5) evaluate private sector information security policies and practices and commercially available information technologies to assess potential application by agencies to strengthen information security;
  • (6) evaluate security policies and practices developed for national security systems to assess potential application by agencies to strengthen information security;
  • (7) periodically assess the effectiveness of standards and guidelines developed under this section and undertake revisions as appropriate;
  • (8) solicit and consider the recommendations of the Information Security and Privacy Advisory Board, established by section 278g–4 of this title , regarding standards and guidelines developed under subsection (a) and submit such recommendations to the Director of the Office of Management and Budget with such standards submitted to the Director; and
  • (9) prepare an annual public report on activities undertaken in the previous year, and planned for the coming year, to carry out responsibilities under this section.
• (e) As part of the research activities conducted in accordance with subsection (d)(3), the Institute shall, to the extent practicable and appropriate—
  • (1) conduct a research program to develop a unifying and standardized identity, privilege, and access control management framework for the execution of a wide variety of resource protection policies and that is amenable to implementation within a wide variety of existing and emerging computing environments;
  • (2) carry out research associated with improving the security of information systems and networks;
  • (3) carry out research associated with improving the testing, measurement, usability, and assurance of information systems and networks;
  • (4) carry out research associated with improving security of industrial control systems;
  • (5) carry out research associated with improving the security and integrity of the information technology supply chain; and
  • (6) carry out any additional research the Institute determines appropriate.
• (f) As used in this section—
  • (1) the term “agency” has the same meaning as provided in section 3502(1) of title 44 ;
  • (2) the term “information security” has the same meaning as provided in section 3552(b)(2) 2 2 So in original. Probably should be “3552(b)(3)”. of such title;
  • (3) the term “information system” has the same meaning as provided in section 3502(8) of such title;
  • (4) the term “information technology” has the same meaning as provided in section 11101 of title 40 ; and
  • (5) the term “national security system” has the same meaning as provided in section 3552(b)(5) 1 of such title. 3 3 So in original. “Such title” probably means title 44.

§ 278g–3a. Definitions

In this Act:

• (1) The term “agency” has the meaning given that term in section 3502 of title 44 .
• (2) The term “Director of OMB” means the Director of the Office of Management and Budget.
• (3) The term “Director of the Institute” means the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
• (4) The term “information system” has the meaning given that term in section 3502 of title 44 .
• (5) The term “national security system” has the meaning given that term in section 3552(b)(6) of title 44 .
• (6) The term “operational technology” means hardware and software that detects or causes a change through the direct monitoring or control of physical devices, processes, and events in the enterprise.
• (7) The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Homeland Security.
• (8) The term “security vulnerability” has the meaning given that term in section 1501(17) of title 6 .

§ 278g–3b. Security standards and guidelines for agencies on use and management of Internet of Things devices

• (a)
  • (1) Not later than 90 days after December 4, 2020 , the Director of the Institute shall develop and publish under section 278g–3 of this title standards and guidelines for the Federal Government on the appropriate use and management by agencies of Internet of Things devices owned or controlled by an agency and connected to information systems owned or controlled by an agency, including minimum information security requirements for managing cybersecurity risks associated with such devices.
  • (2) The Director of the Institute shall ensure that the standards and guidelines developed under paragraph (1) are consistent with the efforts of the National Institute of Standards and Technology in effect on December 4, 2020 —
    • (A) regarding—
      • (i) examples of possible security vulnerabilities of Internet of Things devices; and
      • (ii) considerations for managing the security vulnerabilities of Internet of Things devices; and
    • (B) with respect to the following considerations for Internet of Things devices:
      • (i) Secure Development.
      • (ii) Identity management.
      • (iii) Patching.
      • (iv) Configuration management.
  • (3) In developing the standards and guidelines under paragraph (1), the Director of the Institute shall consider relevant standards, guidelines, and best practices developed by the private sector, agencies, and public-private partnerships.
• (b)
  • (1) Not later than 180 days after the date on which the Director of the Institute completes the development of the standards and guidelines required under subsection (a), the Director of OMB shall review agency information security policies and principles on the basis of the standards and guidelines published under subsection (a) pertaining to Internet of Things devices owned or controlled by agencies (excluding agency information security policies and principles pertaining to Internet of Things of devices owned or controlled by agencies that are or comprise a national security system) for consistency with the standards and guidelines submitted under subsection (a) and issue such policies and principles as may be necessary to ensure those policies and principles are consistent with such standards and guidelines.
  • (2) In reviewing agency information security policies and principles under paragraph (1) and issuing policies and principles under such paragraph, as may be necessary, the Director of OMB shall—
    • (A) consult with the Director of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency of the Department of Homeland Security; and
    • (B) ensure such policies and principles are consistent with the information security requirements under subchapter II of chapter 35 of title 44.
  • (3) Any policy or principle issued by the Director of OMB under paragraph (1) shall not apply to national security systems.
• (c)
  • (1) Not later than 5 years after the date on which the Director of the Institute publishes the standards and guidelines under subsection (a), and not less frequently than once every 5 years thereafter, the Director of the Institute, shall—
    • (A) review such standards and guidelines; and
    • (B) revise such standards and guidelines as appropriate.
  • (2) Not later than 180 days after the Director of the Institute makes a revision pursuant to paragraph (1), the Director of OMB, in consultation with the Director of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency of the Department of Homeland Security, shall update any policy or principle issued under subsection (b)(1) as necessary to ensure those policies and principles are consistent with the review and any revision under paragraph (1) under this subsection and paragraphs (2) and (3) of subsection (b).
• (d) The Federal Acquisition Regulation shall be revised as necessary to implement any standards and guidelines promulgated in this section.

§ 278g–3c. Guidelines on the disclosure process for security vulnerabilities relating to information systems, including Internet of Things devices

• (a) Not later than 180 days after December 4, 2020 , the Director of the Institute, in consultation with such cybersecurity researchers and private sector industry experts as the Director considers appropriate, and in consultation with the Secretary, shall develop and publish under section 278g–3 of this title guidelines—
  • (1) for the reporting, coordinating, publishing, and receiving of information about—
    • (A) a security vulnerability relating to information systems owned or controlled by an agency (including Internet of Things devices owned or controlled by an agency); and
    • (B) the resolution of such security vulnerability; and
  • (2) for a contractor providing to an agency an information system (including an Internet of Things device) and any subcontractor thereof at any tier providing such information system to such contractor, on—
    • (A) receiving information about a potential security vulnerability relating to the information system; and
    • (B) disseminating information about the resolution of a security vulnerability relating to the information system.
• (b) The guidelines published under subsection (a) shall—
  • (1) to the maximum extent practicable, be aligned with industry best practices and Standards 29147 and 30111 of the International Standards Organization (or any successor standard) or any other appropriate, relevant, and widely-used standard;
  • (2) incorporate guidelines on—
    • (A) receiving information about a potential security vulnerability relating to an information system owned or controlled by an agency (including an Internet of Things device); and
    • (B) disseminating information about the resolution of a security vulnerability relating to an information system owned or controlled by an agency (including an Internet of Things device); and
  • (3) be consistent with the policies and procedures produced under section 659(m) of title 6 .
• (c) The guidelines published under subsection (a) shall include example content, on the information items that should be reported, coordinated, published, or received pursuant to this section by a contractor, or any subcontractor thereof at any tier, providing an information system (including Internet of Things device) to the Federal Government.
• (d) The Director of OMB shall oversee the implementation of the guidelines published under subsection (a).
• (e) The Secretary, in consultation with the Director of OMB, shall administer the implementation of the guidelines published under subsection (a) and provide operational and technical assistance in implementing such guidelines.

§ 278g–3d. Implementation of coordinated disclosure of security vulnerabilities relating to agency information systems, including Internet of Things devices

• (a) Not later than 2 years after December 4, 2020 , the Director of OMB, in consultation with the Secretary, shall develop and oversee the implementation of policies, principles, standards, or guidelines as may be necessary to address security vulnerabilities of information systems (including Internet of Things devices).
• (b) Consistent with section 3553(b) of title 44 , the Secretary, in consultation with the Director of OMB, shall provide operational and technical assistance to agencies on reporting, coordinating, publishing, and receiving information about security vulnerabilities of information systems (including Internet of Things devices).
• (c) The Secretary shall ensure that the assistance provided under subsection (b) is consistent with applicable standards and publications developed by the Director of the Institute.
• (d) The Federal Acquisition Regulation shall be revised as necessary to implement the provisions under this section.

§ 278g–3e. Contractor compliance with coordinated disclosure of security vulnerabilities relating to agency Internet of Things devices

• (a)
  • (1) The head of an agency is prohibited from procuring or obtaining, renewing a contract to procure or obtain, or using an Internet of Things device, if the Chief Information Officer of that agency determines during a review required by section 11319(b)(1)(C) of title 40 of a contract for such device that the use of such device prevents compliance with the standards and guidelines developed under section 278g–3b of this title or the guidelines published under section 278g–3c of this title with respect to such device.
  • (2) Notwithstanding section 1905 of title 41 , the requirements under paragraph (1) shall apply to a contract or subcontract in amounts not greater than the simplified acquisition threshold.
• (b)
  • (1) The head of an agency may waive the prohibition under subsection (a)(1) with respect to an Internet of Things device if the Chief Information Officer of that agency determines that—
    • (A) the waiver is necessary in the interest of national security;
    • (B) procuring, obtaining, or using such device is necessary for research purposes; or
    • (C) such device is secured using alternative and effective methods appropriate to the function of such device.
  • (2) The Director of OMB shall establish a standardized process for the Chief Information Officer of each agency to follow in determining whether the waiver under paragraph (1) may be granted.
• (c)
  • (1) Every 2 years during the 6-year period beginning on December 4, 2020 , the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the Committee on Oversight and Reform of the House of Representatives, the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate a report—
    • (A) on the effectiveness of the process established under subsection (b)(2);
    • (B) that contains recommended best practices for the procurement of Internet of Things devices; and
    • (C) that lists—
      • (i) the number and type of each Internet of Things device for which a waiver under subsection (b)(1) was granted during the 2-year period prior to the submission of the report; and
      • (ii) the legal authority under which each such waiver was granted, such as whether the waiver was granted pursuant to subparagraph (A), (B), or (C) of such subsection.
  • (2) Each report submitted under this subsection shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex that contains the information described under paragraph (1)(C).
• (d) The prohibition under subsection (a)(1) shall take effect 2 years after December 4, 2020 .

§ 278g–4. Information Security and Privacy Advisory Board

• (a) There is hereby established a 1 1 So in original. Probably should be “an”. Information Security and Privacy Advisory Board within the Department of Commerce. The Secretary of Commerce shall appoint the chairman of the Board. The Board shall be composed of twelve additional members appointed by the Secretary of Commerce as follows:
  • (1) four members from outside the Federal Government who are eminent in the information technology industry, at least one of whom is representative of small or medium sized companies in such industries;
  • (2) four members from outside the Federal Government who are eminent in the fields of information technology, or related disciplines, but who are not employed by or representative of a producer of information technology; and
  • (3) four members from the Federal Government who have information system management experience, including experience in information security and privacy, at least one of whom shall be from the National Security Agency.
• (b) The duties of the Board shall be—
  • (1) to identify emerging managerial, technical, administrative, and physical safeguard issues relative to information security and privacy;
  • (2) to advise the Institute, the Secretary of Homeland Security, and the Director of the Office of Management and Budget on information security and privacy issues pertaining to Federal Government information systems, including through review of proposed standards and guidelines developed under section 278g–3 of this title ; and
  • (3) to report annually its findings to the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Homeland Security, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, the Director of the National Security Agency, and the appropriate committees of the Congress.
• (c) The term of office of each member of the Board shall be four years, except that—
  • (1) of the initial members, three shall be appointed for terms of one year, three shall be appointed for terms of two years, three shall be appointed for terms of three years, and three shall be appointed for terms of four years; and
  • (2) any member appointed to fill a vacancy in the Board shall serve for the remainder of the term for which his predecessor was appointed.
• (d) The Board shall not act in the absence of a quorum, which shall consist of seven members.
• (e) Members of the Board, other than full-time employees of the Federal Government, while attending meetings of such committees or while otherwise performing duties at the request of the Board Chairman while away from their homes or a regular place of business, may be allowed travel expenses in accordance with subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5.
• (f) The Board shall hold meetings at such locations and at such time and place as determined by a majority of the Board.
• (g) To provide the staff services necessary to assist the Board in carrying out its functions, the Board may utilize personnel from the Institute or any other agency of the Federal Government with the consent of the head of the agency.
• (h) As used in this section, the terms “information system” and “information technology” have the meanings given in section 278g–3 of this title .

§ 278g–5. Enterprise integration initiative

• (a) The Director shall establish an initiative for advancing enterprise integration within the United States. In carrying out this section, the Director shall involve, as appropriate, the various units of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, including the National Institute of Standards and Technology laboratories (including the Building and Fire Research Laboratory), the Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership program established under sections 278k and 278 l of this title, and the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Program. This initiative shall build upon ongoing efforts of the National Institute of Standards and Technology and of the private sector, shall involve consortia that include government and industry, and shall address the enterprise integration needs of each United States major manufacturing industry at the earliest possible date.
• (b) For each major manufacturing industry, the Director may work with industry, trade associations, professional societies, and others as appropriate, to identify enterprise integration standardization and implementation activities underway in the United States and abroad that affect that industry and to assess the current state of enterprise integration within that industry. The Director may assist in the development of roadmaps to permit supply chains within the industry to operate as an integrated electronic enterprise. The roadmaps shall be based on voluntary consensus standards.
• (c) In order to carry out this Act, the Director may work with industry, trade associations, professional societies, and others as appropriate—
  • (1) to raise awareness in the United States, including awareness by businesses that are majority owned by women, minorities, or both, of enterprise integration activities in the United States and abroad, including by the convening of conferences;
  • (2) on the development of enterprise integration roadmaps;
  • (3) to support the development, testing, promulgation, integration, adoption, and upgrading of standards related to enterprise integration including application protocols; and
  • (4) to provide technical assistance and, if necessary, financial support to small- and medium-sized businesses that set up pilot projects in enterprise integration.
• (d) The Director shall ensure that the Manufacturing Extension Program is prepared to advise small- and medium-sized businesses on how to acquire the expertise, equipment, and training necessary to participate fully in supply chains using enterprise integration.

§ 271. Findings and purposes

• (a) The Congress finds and declares the following:
  • (1) The future well-being of the United States economy depends on a strong manufacturing base and requires continual improvements in manufacturing technology, quality control, and techniques for ensuring product reliability and cost-effectiveness.
  • (2) Precise measurements, calibrations, and standards help United States industry and manufacturing concerns compete strongly in world markets.
  • (3) Improvements in manufacturing and product technology depend on fundamental scientific and engineering research to develop (A) the precise and accurate measurement methods and measurement standards needed to improve quality and reliability, and (B) new technological processes by which such improved methods may be used in practice to improve manufacturing and to assist industry to transfer important laboratory discoveries into commercial products.
  • (4) Scientific progress, public safety, and product compatibility and standardization also depend on the development of precise measurement methods, standards, and related basic technologies.
  • (5) The National Bureau of Standards since its establishment has served as the Federal focal point in developing basic measurement standards and related technologies, has taken a lead role in stimulating cooperative work among private industrial organizations in efforts to surmount technological hurdles, and otherwise has been responsible for assisting in the improvement of industrial technology.
  • (6) The Federal Government should maintain a national science, engineering, and technology laboratory which provides measurement methods, standards, and associated technologies and which aids United States companies in using new technologies to improve products and manufacturing processes.
  • (7) Such national laboratory also should serve industry, trade associations, State technology programs, labor organizations, professional societies, and educational institutions by disseminating information on new basic technologies including automated manufacturing processes.
• (b) It is the purpose of this chapter—
  • (1) to rename the National Bureau of Standards as the National Institute of Standards and Technology and to modernize and restructure that agency to augment its unique ability to enhance the competitiveness of American industry while maintaining its traditional function as lead national laboratory for providing the measurements, calibrations, and quality assurance techniques which underpin United States commerce, technological progress, improved product reliability and manufacturing processes, and public safety;
  • (2) to assist private sector initiatives to capitalize on advanced technology;
  • (3) to advance, through cooperative efforts among industries, universities, and government laboratories, promising research and development projects, which can be optimized by the private sector for commercial and industrial applications; and
  • (4) to promote shared risks, accelerated development, and pooling of skills which will be necessary to strengthen America’s manufacturing industries.

§ 272. Establishment, functions, and activities

• (a) There is established within the Department of Commerce a science, engineering, technology, and measurement laboratory to be known as the National Institute of Standards and Technology (hereafter in this chapter referred to as the “Institute”).
• (b) The Secretary of Commerce (hereafter in this chapter referred to as the “Secretary”) acting through the Director of the Institute (hereafter in this chapter referred to as the “Director”) is authorized to serve as the President’s principal adviser on standards policy pertaining to the Nation’s technological competitiveness and innovation ability and to take all actions necessary and appropriate to accomplish the purposes of this chapter, including the following functions of the Institute—
  • (1) to assist industry in the development of technology and procedures needed to improve quality, to modernize manufacturing processes, to ensure product reliability, manufacturability, functionality, and cost-effectiveness, and to facilitate the more rapid commercialization, especially by small- and medium-sized companies throughout the United States, of products based on new scientific discoveries in fields such as automation, electronics, advanced materials, biotechnology, and optical technologies;
  • (2) to develop, maintain, and retain custody of the national standards of measurement, and provide the means and methods for making measurements consistent with those standards;
  • (3) to facilitate standards-related information sharing and cooperation between Federal agencies and to coordinate the use by Federal agencies of private sector standards, emphasizing where possible the use of standards developed by private, consensus organizations;
  • (4) to enter into contracts, including cooperative research and development arrangements, and grants and cooperative agreements, in furtherance of the purposes of this chapter;
  • (5) to provide United States industry, Government, and educational institutions with a national clearinghouse of current information, techniques, and advice for the achievement of higher quality and productivity based on current domestic and international scientific and technical development;
  • (6) to assist industry in the development of measurements, measurement methods, and basic measurement technology;
  • (7) to determine, compile, evaluate, and disseminate physical constants and the properties and performance of conventional and advanced materials when they are important to science, engineering, manufacturing, education, commerce, and industry and are not available with sufficient accuracy elsewhere;
  • (8) to develop a fundamental basis and methods for testing materials, mechanisms, structures, equipment, and systems, including those used by the Federal Government;
  • (9) to assure the compatibility of United States national measurement standards with those of other nations;
  • (10) to cooperate with other departments and agencies of the Federal Government, with industry, with State and local governments, with the governments of other nations and international organizations, and with private organizations in establishing standard practices, codes, specifications, and voluntary consensus standards;
  • (11) to advise government and industry on scientific and technical problems;
  • (12) to invent, develop, and (when appropriate) promote transfer to the private sector of measurement devices to serve special national needs; and
  • (13) to coordinate technical standards activities and conformity assessment activities of Federal, State, and local governments with private sector technical standards activities and conformity assessment activities, with the goal of eliminating unnecessary duplication and complexity in the development and promulgation of conformity assessment requirements and measures.
• (c) In carrying out the functions specified in subsection (b), the Secretary, acting through the Director 1 1 So in original. Probably should be followed by a comma. may, among other things—
  • (1) construct physical standards;
  • (2) test, calibrate, and certify standards and standard measuring apparatus;
  • (3) study and improve instruments, measurement methods, and industrial process control and quality assurance techniques;
  • (4) cooperate with the States in securing uniformity in weights and measures laws and methods of inspection;
  • (5) cooperate with foreign scientific and technical institutions to understand technological developments in other countries better;
  • (6) prepare, certify, and sell standard reference materials for use in ensuring the accuracy of chemical analyses and measurements of physical and other properties of materials;
  • (7) in furtherance of the purposes of this chapter, accept research associates, cash donations, and donated equipment from industry, and also engage with industry in research to develop new basic and generic technologies for traditional and new products and for improved production and manufacturing;
  • (8) study and develop fundamental scientific understanding and improved measurement, analysis, synthesis, processing, and fabrication methods for chemical substances and compounds, ferrous and nonferrous metals, and all traditional and advanced materials, including processes of degradation;
  • (9) investigate ionizing and nonionizing radiation and radioactive substances, their uses, and ways to protect people, structures, and equipment from their harmful effects;
  • (10) determine the atomic and molecular structure of matter, through analysis of spectra and other methods, to provide a basis for predicting chemical and physical structures and reactions and for designing new materials and chemical substances, including biologically active macromolecules;
  • (11) perform research on electromagnetic waves, including optical waves, and on properties and performance of electrical, electronic, and electromagnetic devices and systems and their essential materials, develop and maintain related standards, and disseminate standard signals through broadcast and other means;
  • (12) develop and test standard interfaces, communication protocols, and data structures for computer and related telecommunications systems;
  • (13) study computer systems (as that term is defined in section 278g–3(d) 2 2 See References in Text note below. of this title) and their use to control machinery and processes;
  • (14) perform research to develop standards and test methods to advance the effective use of computers and related systems and to protect the information stored, processed, and transmitted by such systems and to provide advice in support of policies affecting Federal computer and related telecommunications systems;
  • (15) on an ongoing basis, facilitate and support the development of a voluntary, consensus-based, industry-led set of standards, guidelines, best practices, methodologies, procedures, and processes to cost-effectively reduce cyber risks to critical infrastructure (as defined under subsection (e));
  • (16) perform research to support the development of voluntary, consensus-based, industry-led standards and recommendations on the security of computers, computer networks, and computer data storage used in election systems to ensure voters can vote securely and privately. 3 3 So in original. The period probably should be a semicolon.
  • (17) determine properties of building materials and structural elements, and encourage their standardization and most effective use, including investigation of fire-resisting properties of building materials and conditions under which they may be most efficiently used, and the standardization of types of appliances for fire prevention;
  • (18) undertake such research in engineering, pure and applied mathematics, statistics, computer science, materials science, and the physical sciences as may be necessary to carry out and support the functions specified in this section;
  • (19) host, participate in, and support scientific and technical workshops (as defined in section 202 of the American Innovation and Competitiveness Act);
  • (20) collect and retain any fees charged by the Secretary for hosting a scientific and technical workshop described in paragraph (19);
  • (21) notwithstanding title 31 of the United States Code, use the fees described in paragraph (20) to pay for any related expenses, including subsistence expenses for participants;
  • (22) compile, evaluate, publish, and otherwise disseminate general, specific and technical data resulting from the performance of the functions specified in this section or from other sources when such data are important to science, engineering, or industry, or to the general public, and are not available elsewhere;
  • (23) collect, create, analyze, and maintain specimens of scientific value;
  • (24) operate national user facilities;
  • (25) evaluate promising inventions and other novel technical concepts submitted by inventors and small companies and work with other Federal agencies, States, and localities to provide appropriate technical assistance and support for those inventions which are found in the evaluation process to have commercial promise;
  • (26) demonstrate the results of the Institute’s activities by exhibits or other methods of technology transfer, including the use of scientific or technical personnel of the Institute for part-time or intermittent teaching and training activities at educational institutions of higher learning as part of and incidental to their official duties; and
  • (27) undertake such other activities similar to those specified in this subsection as the Director determines appropriate.
• (d) In carrying out the extramural funding programs of the Institute, including the programs established under sections 278k and 278 l of this title, the Secretary may retain reasonable amounts of any funds appropriated pursuant to authorizations for these programs in order to pay for the Institute’s management of these programs.
• (e)
  • (1) In carrying out the activities under subsection (c)(15), the Director—
    • (A) shall—
      • (i) coordinate closely and regularly with relevant private sector personnel and entities, critical infrastructure owners and operators, and other relevant industry organizations, including Sector Coordinating Councils and Information Sharing and Analysis Centers, and incorporate industry expertise;
      • (ii) consult with the heads of agencies with national security responsibilities, sector-specific agencies and other appropriate agencies, State and local governments, the governments of other nations, and international organizations;
      • (iii) identify a prioritized, flexible, repeatable, performance-based, and cost-effective approach, including information security measures and controls, that may be voluntarily adopted by owners and operators of critical infrastructure to help them identify, assess, and manage cyber risks;
      • (iv) include methodologies—
        • (I) to identify and mitigate impacts of the cybersecurity measures or controls on business confidentiality; and
        • (II) to protect individual privacy and civil liberties;
      • (v) incorporate voluntary consensus standards and industry best practices;
      • (vi) align with voluntary international standards to the fullest extent possible;
      • (vii) prevent duplication of regulatory processes and prevent conflict with or superseding of regulatory requirements, mandatory standards, and related processes;
      • (viii) consider small business concerns (as defined in section 632 of this title ); and
      • (ix) include such other similar and consistent elements as the Director considers necessary; and
    • (B) shall not prescribe or otherwise require—
      • (i) the use of specific solutions;
      • (ii) the use of specific information or communications technology products or services; or
      • (iii) that information or communications technology products or services be designed, developed, or manufactured in a particular manner.
  • (2) Information shared with or provided to the Institute for the purpose of the activities described under subsection (c)(15) shall not be used by any Federal, State, tribal, or local department or agency to regulate the activity of any entity. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to modify any regulatory requirement to report or submit information to a Federal, State, tribal, or local department or agency.
  • (3) In this subsection:
    • (A) The term “critical infrastructure” has the meaning given the term in section 5195c(e) of title 42 .
    • (B) The term “sector-specific agency” means the Federal department or agency responsible for providing institutional knowledge and specialized expertise as well as leading, facilitating, or supporting the security and resilience programs and associated activities of its designated critical infrastructure sector in the all-hazards environment.

§ 272a. Technology services

In addition to such other technology services and technology extension activities which may be mandated or authorized by law, and in order to help improve the use of technology by small and medium-sized industrial firms within the United States, the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, as appropriate, shall—

• (1) work directly with States, local governments, and other appropriate organizations to provide for extended distribution of Standard Reference Materials, Standard Reference Data, calibrations, and related technical services and to help transfer other expertise and technology to the States and to small businesses and other businesses within the States;
• (2) evaluate those inventions from small businesses or individuals which have a significant potential for improving competitiveness;
• (3) provide support for workshops on technical and entrepreneurial topics and share information developed through the Malcolm Baldrige Quality Award Program; and
• (4) work with other Federal agencies to provide technical and related assistance to the States and businesses within the States.

§ 272b. Annual budget submission

The National Institute of Standards and Technology shall annually submit to the Congress, at the time of the release of the President’s budget, a three year budget estimate for the Institute, including funding estimates for each major account and new initiative.

§ 273. Functions; for whom exercised

The Institute is authorized to exercise its functions for the Government of the United States and for international organizations of which the United States is a member; for governments of friendly countries; for any State or municipal government within the United States; or for any scientific society, educational institution, firm, corporation, or individual within the United States or friendly countries engaged in manufacturing or other pursuits requiring the use of standards or standard measuring instruments: Provided , That the exercise of these functions for international organizations, governments of friendly countries and scientific societies, educational institutions, firms, corporations, or individuals therein shall be in coordination with other agencies of the United States Government, in particular the Department of State in respect to foreign entities. All requests for the services of the Institute shall be made in accordance with the rules and regulations herein established.

§ 273a. Under Secretary of Commerce for Standards and Technology

• (a) There shall be in the Department of Commerce an Under Secretary of Commerce for Standards and Technology (in this section referred to as the “Under Secretary”).
• (b) The Under Secretary shall be appointed by the President by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.
• (c) The Under Secretary shall be compensated at the rate in effect for level III of the Executive Schedule under section 5314 of title 5 .
• (d) The Under Secretary shall serve as the Director of the Institute and shall perform such duties as required of the Director by the Secretary under this chapter or by law.
• (e) The individual serving as the Director of the Institute on January 4, 2011 , shall also serve as the Under Secretary until such time as a successor is appointed under subsection (b).

§ 274. Director; powers and duties; report; compensation

The Director shall report directly to the Secretary and shall have the general supervision of the Institute, its equipment, and the exercise of its functions. The Director shall make an annual report to the Secretary of Commerce. The Director may issue, when necessary, bulletins for public distribution, containing such information as may be of value to the public or facilitate the exercise of the functions of the Institute.

§ 275. Appointment of officers and employees

The officers and employees of the Institute, except the director, shall be appointed by the Secretary of Commerce at such time as their respective services may become necessary.

§ 275a. Service charges

The Secretary shall charge for services performed under the authority of section 273 of this title , except in cases where he determines that the interest of the Government would be best served by waiving the charge. Such charges may be based upon fixed prices or costs. The appropriation or fund bearing the cost of the services may be reimbursed, or the Secretary may require advance payment subject to such adjustment on completion of the work as may be agreed upon.

§ 275b. Charges for activities performed for other agencies

The Secretary of Commerce shall charge for any service performed by the Institute, at the request of another Government agency, in compliance with any statute, enacted before, on, or after October 6, 1982 , which names the Secretary or the Institute as a consultant to another Government agency, or calls upon the Secretary or the Institute to support or perform any activity for or on behalf of another Government agency, or to cooperate with any Government agency in the performance by that agency of any activity, regardless of whether the statute specifically requires reimbursement to the Secretary or the Institute by such other Government agency for such service, unless funds are specifically appropriated to the Secretary or the Institute to perform such service. The Secretary may, however, waive any charge where the service rendered by the Institute is such that the Institute will incur only nominal costs in performing it. Costs shall be determined in accordance with section 278b(e) of this title .

§ 275c. Cost recovery authority

Fees for calibration services, standard reference materials, and other comparable services provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology shall be at least sufficient to meet the requirements set forth in the amendments made by subsection (a), 1 1 See References in Text note below. and any funds recovered in excess of such requirements shall be returned to the Treasury of the United States.

§ 276. Ownership of facilities

In the absence of specific agreement to the contrary, additional facilities, including equipment, purchased pursuant to the performance of services authorized by section 273 of this title shall become the property of the Department of Commerce.

§ 277. Regulations

The Secretary of Commerce shall, from time to time, make regulations regarding the payment of fees, the limits of tolerance to be attained in standards submitted for verification, the sealing of standards, the disbursement and receipt of moneys, and such other matters as he may deem necessary for carrying this chapter into effect.

§ 278. Visiting Committee on Advanced Technology

• (a) There is established within the Institute a Visiting Committee on Advanced Technology (hereafter in this chapter referred to as the “Committee”). The Committee shall consist of not fewer than 9 members appointed by the Director, a majority of whom shall be from United States industry. The Director shall appoint as original members of the Committee any final members of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Visiting Committee who wish to serve in such capacity. In addition to any powers and functions otherwise granted to it by this chapter, the Committee shall review and make recommendations regarding general policy for the Institute, its organization, its budget, and its programs within the framework of applicable national policies as set forth by the President and the Congress.
• (b) The persons appointed as members of the Committee—
  • (1) shall be eminent in fields such as business, research, new product development, engineering, labor, education, management consulting, environment, and international relations;
  • (2) shall be selected solely on the basis of established records of distinguished service;
  • (3) shall not be employees of the Federal Government; and
  • (4) shall be so selected as to provide representation of a cross-section of the traditional and emerging United States industries.
• (c)
  • (1) The term of office of each member of the Committee, other than the original members, shall be 3 years; except that any member appointed to fill a vacancy occurring prior to the expiration of the term for which his predecessor was appointed shall be appointed for the remainder of such term. Any person who has completed two consecutive full terms of service on the Committee shall thereafter be ineligible for appointment during the one-year period following the expiration of the second such term.
  • (2) The original members of the Committee shall be elected to three classes of three members each; one class shall have a term of one year, one a term of two years, and the other a term of three years.
• (d) The Committee shall meet at least twice each year at the call of the Chairman or whenever one-third of the members so request in writing. A majority of the members of the Committee not having a conflict of interest in the matter being considered by the Committee shall constitute a quorum. Each member shall be given appropriate notice, whenever possible, not less than 15 days prior to any meeting, of the call of such meeting.
• (e) The Committee shall have an executive committee, and may delegate to it or to the Secretary such of the powers and functions granted to the Committee by this chapter as it deems appropriate. The Committee is authorized to appoint from among its members such other committees as it deems necessary, and to assign to committees so appointed such survey and advisory functions as the Committee deems appropriate to assist it in exercising its powers and functions under this chapter.
• (f) The election of the Chairman and Vice Chairman of the Committee shall take place at each annual meeting occurring in an even-numbered year. The Vice Chairman shall perform the duties of the Chairman in his absence. In case a vacancy occurs in the chairmanship or vice chairmanship, the Committee shall elect a member to fill such vacancy.
• (g) The Committee may, with the concurrence of a majority of its members, permit the appointment of a staff consisting of not more than four professional staff members and such clerical staff members as may be necessary. Such staff shall be appointed by the Director, after consultation with the Chairman of the Committee, and assigned at the direction of the Committee. The professional members of such staff may be appointed without regard to the provisions of title 5 governing appointments in the competitive service and the provisions of chapter 51 of title 5 relating to classification, and compensated at a rate not exceeding the appropriate rate provided for individuals in grade GS–18 of the General Schedule under section 5332 of title 5 , as may be necessary to provide for the performance of such duties as may be prescribed by the Committee in connection with the exercise of its powers and functions under this chapter.
• (h)
  • (1) The Committee shall render an annual report to the Secretary for submission to the Congress not later than 30 days after the submittal to Congress of the President’s annual budget request in each year. Such report shall deal essentially, though not necessarily exclusively, with policy issues or matters which affect the Institute or with which the Committee in its official role as the private sector policy advisor of the Institute is concerned. Each such report shall identify areas of research and research techniques of the Institute of potential importance to the long-term competitiveness of United States industry, in which the Institute possesses special competence, which could be used to assist United States enterprises and United States industrial joint research and development ventures.
  • (2) The Committee shall render to the Secretary and the Congress such additional reports on specific policy matters as it deems appropriate.

§ 278b. Working Capital Fund

• (a) The Institute is authorized to utilize in the performance of its functions the Working Capital Fund established by the Act of June 29, 1950 ( 64 Stat. 275 ).
• (b) The working capital of the fund shall be available for obligation and payment for any activities authorized by this chapter, and for any activities for which provision is made in the appropriations which reimburse the fund.
• (c) In the performance of authorized activities, the Working Capital Fund shall be available and may be reimbursed for expenses of hire of automobile, hire of consultants, and travel to meetings, to the extent that such expenses are authorized for the appropriations of the Department of Commerce.
• (d) The fund may be credited with advances and reimbursements, including receipts from non-Federal sources, for services performed under the authority of section 273 of this title .
• (e) As used in this chapter, the term “cost” shall be construed to include directly related expenses and appropriate charges for indirect and administrative expenses.
• (f) The amount of any earned net income resulting from the operation of the fund at the close of each fiscal year shall be paid into the general fund of the Treasury: Provided , That such earned net income may be applied to restore any prior impairment of the fund, and to ensure the availability of working capital necessary to replace equipment and inventories.

§ 278c. Acquisition of land for field sites

To the extent that funds are specifically appropriated therefor, the Secretary of Commerce is authorized to acquire land for such field sites as are necessary for the proper and efficient conduct of the activities authorized herein.

§ 278d. Construction and improvement of buildings and facilities

• (a) Within the limits of funds which are appropriated for the Institute, the Secretary of Commerce is authorized to undertake such construction of buildings and other facilities and to make such improvements to existing buildings, grounds, and other facilities occupied or used by the Institute as are necessary for the proper and efficient conduct of the activities authorized herein.
• (b) The Director is authorized to retain all building use and depreciation surcharge fees collected pursuant to OMB Circular A–25. Such fees shall be collected and credited to the Construction of Research Facilities Appropriation Account for use in maintenance and repair of the Institute’s existing facilities.

§ 278e. Functions and activities

• (a) The purchase, repair, and cleaning of uniforms for guards;
• (b) the care, maintenance, protection, repair, and alteration of Institute buildings and other plant facilities, equipment, and property;
• (c) the rental of field sites and laboratory, office, and warehouse space;
• (d) the purchase of reprints from technical journals or other periodicals and the payment of page charges for the publication of research papers and reports in such journals;
• (e) the furnishing of food and shelter without repayment therefor to employees of the Government at Arctic and Antarctic stations;
• (f) for the conduct of observations on radio propagation phenomena in the Arctic or Antarctic regions, the appointment of employees at base rates established by the Secretary of Commerce which shall not exceed such maximum rates as may be specified from time to time in the appropriation concerned, and without regard to the civil service and classification laws and sections 5542 to 5546 of title 5;
• (g) the erection on leased property of specialized facilities and working and living quarters when the Secretary of Commerce determines that this will best serve the interests of the Government; and
• (h) the provision of transportation services for employees of the Institute between the facilities of the Institute and nearby public transportation, notwithstanding section 1344 of title 31 .

§ 278f. Fire Research Center

• (a) There is hereby established within the Department of Commerce a Fire Research Center which shall have the mission of performing and supporting research on all aspects of fire with the aim of providing scientific and technical knowledge applicable to the prevention and control of fires. The content and priorities of the research program shall be determined in consultation with the Administrator of the United States Fire Administration. In implementing this section, the Secretary is authorized to conduct, directly or through contracts or grants, a fire research program, including—
  • (1) basic and applied fire research for the purpose of arriving at an understanding of the fundamental processes underlying all aspects of fire. Such research shall include scientific investigations of—
    • (A) the physics and chemistry of combustion processes;
    • (B) the dynamics of flame ignition, flame spread, and flame extinguishment;
    • (C) the composition of combustion products developed by various sources and under various environmental conditions;
    • (D) the early stages of fires in buildings and other structures, structural subsystems and structural components in all other types of fires, including, but not limited to, forest fires, brush fires, fires underground, oil blowout fires, and waterborne fires, with the aim of improving early detection capability;
    • (E) the behavior of fires involving all types of buildings and other structures and their contents (including mobile homes and highrise buildings, construction materials, floor and wall coverings, coatings, furnishings, and other combustible materials), and all other types of fires, including forest fires, brush fires, fires underground, oil blowout fires, and waterborne fires;
    • (F) the unique fire hazards arising from the transportation and use, in industrial and professional practices, of combustible gases, fluids, and materials;
    • (G) design concepts for providing increased fire safety consistent with habitability, comfort, and human impact in buildings and other structures;
    • (H) such other aspects of the fire process as may be deemed useful in pursuing the objectives of the fire research program; and
    • (I) methods, procedures, and equipment for arson prevention, detection, and investigation;
  • (2) research into the biological, physiological, and psychological factors affecting human victims of fire, and the performance of individual members of fire services, including—
    • (A) the biological and physiological effects of toxic substances encountered in fires;
    • (B) the trauma, cardiac conditions, and other hazards resulting from exposure to fire;
    • (C) the development of simple and reliable tests for determining the cause of death from fires;
    • (D) improved methods of providing first aid to victims of fires;
    • (E) psychological and motivational characteristics of persons who engage in arson, and the prediction and cure of such behavior;
    • (F) the conditions of stress encountered by firefighters, the effects of such stress, and the alleviation and reduction of such conditions; and
    • (G) such other biological, psychological, and physiological effects of fire as have significance for purposes of control or prevention of fires; and
  • (3) operation tests, demonstration projects, and fire investigations in support of the activities set forth in this section.
• (b) For purposes of this section, there are authorized to be appropriated an amount not to exceed $5,650,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1980 , which amount includes—
  • (1) $525,000 for programs which are recommended in the report submitted to the Congress by the Administrator of the United States Fire Administration pursuant to section 2220(b)(1) 1 1 See References in Text note below. of this title; and
  • (2) $119,000 for adjustments required by law in salaries, pay, retirement, and employee benefits.

§ 278g. International activities

• (a) The Secretary is authorized, notwithstanding any other provision of law, to expend such sums, within the limit of appropriated funds, as the Secretary may deem desirable, through the grant of fellowships or any other form of financial assistance, to defray the expenses of foreign nationals not in service to the Government of the United States while they are performing scientific or engineering work at the Institute or participating in the exchange of scientific or technical information at the Institute.
• (b) The Congress consents to the acceptance by employees of the Institute of fellowships, lectureships, or other positions for the performance of scientific or engineering activities or for the exchange of scientific or technical information, offered by a foreign government, and to the acceptance and retention by an employee of the Institute of any form of financial or other assistance provided by a foreign government as compensation for or as a means of defraying expenses associated with the performance of scientific or engineering activities or the exchange of scientific or technical information, in any case where the acceptance of such fellowship, lectureship, or position or the acceptance and retention of such assistance is determined by the Secretary to be appropriate and consistent with the interests of the United States. For the purposes of this subsection, the definitions appearing in section 7342(a) of title 5 apply. Civil actions may be brought and penalties assessed against any employee who knowingly accepts and retains assistance from a foreign government not consented to by this subsection in the same manner as is prescribed by section 7342(h) of title 5 .
• (c) Provisions of law prohibiting the use of any part of any appropriation for the payment of compensation to any employee or officer of the Government of the United States who is not a citizen of the United States shall not apply to the payment of compensation to scientific or engineering personnel of the Institute.
• (d) For any scientific and engineering disciplines for which there is a shortage of suitably qualified and available United States citizens and nationals, the Secretary is authorized to recruit and employ in scientific and engineering fields at the Institute foreign nationals who have been lawfully admitted to the United States for permanent residence under the Immigration and Nationality Act [ 8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.] and who intend to become United States citizens. Employment of a person under this paragraph shall not be subject to the provisions of title 5 governing employment in the competitive service, or to any prohibition in any other Act against the employment of aliens, or against the payment of compensation to them.

§ 278h. Research program on security of computer systems

• (a) The Director shall establish a program of assistance to institutions of higher education that enter into partnerships with for-profit entities to support research to improve the security of computer systems. The partnerships may also include government laboratories and nonprofit research institutions. The program shall—
  • (1) include multidisciplinary, long-term research;
  • (2) include research directed toward addressing needs identified through the activities of the Computer System Security 1 1 So in original. Probably should be “Information Security”. and Privacy Advisory Board under section 278g–3(f) 2 2 See References in Text note below. of this title; and
  • (3) promote the development of a robust research community working at the leading edge of knowledge in subject areas relevant to the security of computer systems by providing support for graduate students, post-doctoral researchers, and senior researchers.
• (b)
  • (1) The Director is authorized to establish a program to award post-doctoral research fellowships to individuals who are citizens, nationals, or lawfully admitted permanent resident aliens of the United States and are seeking research positions at institutions, including the Institute, engaged in research activities related to the security of computer systems, including the research areas described in section 7403(a)(1) of this title .
  • (2) The Director is authorized to establish a program to award senior research fellowships to individuals seeking research positions at institutions, including the Institute, engaged in research activities related to the security of computer systems, including the research areas described in section 7403(a)(1) of this title . Senior research fellowships shall be made available for established researchers at institutions of higher education who seek to change research fields and pursue studies related to the security of computer systems.
  • (3)
    • (A) To be eligible for an award under this subsection, an individual shall submit an application to the Director at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Director may require.
    • (B) Under this subsection, the Director is authorized to provide stipends for post-doctoral research fellowships at the level of the Institute’s Post Doctoral Research Fellowship Program and senior research fellowships at levels consistent with support for a faculty member in a sabbatical position.
• (c)
  • (1) The Director is authorized to award grants or cooperative agreements to institutions of higher education to carry out the program established under subsection (a). No funds made available under this section shall be made available directly to any for-profit partners.
  • (2) To be eligible for an award under this section, an institution of higher education shall submit an application to the Director at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Director may require. The application shall include, at a minimum, a description of—
    • (A) the number of graduate students anticipated to participate in the research project and the level of support to be provided to each;
    • (B) the number of post-doctoral research positions included under the research project and the level of support to be provided to each;
    • (C) the number of individuals, if any, intending to change research fields and pursue studies related to the security of computer systems to be included under the research project and the level of support to be provided to each; and
    • (D) how the for-profit entities, nonprofit research institutions, and any other partners will participate in developing and carrying out the research and education agenda of the partnership.
• (d)
  • (1) The program established under subsection (a) shall be managed by individuals who shall have both expertise in research related to the security of computer systems and knowledge of the vulnerabilities of existing computer systems. The Director shall designate such individuals as program managers.
  • (2) Program managers designated under paragraph (1) may be new or existing employees of the Institute or individuals on assignment at the Institute under the Intergovernmental Personnel Act of 1970 [ 42 U.S.C. 4701 et seq.], except that individuals on assignment at the Institute under the Intergovernmental Personnel Act of 1970 shall not directly manage such employees.
  • (3) Program managers designated under paragraph (1) shall be responsible for—
    • (A) establishing and publicizing the broad research goals for the program;
    • (B) soliciting applications for specific research projects to address the goals developed under subparagraph (A);
    • (C) selecting research projects for support under the program from among applications submitted to the Institute, following consideration of—
      • (i) the novelty and scientific and technical merit of the proposed projects;
      • (ii) the demonstrated capabilities of the individual or individuals submitting the applications to successfully carry out the proposed research;
      • (iii) the impact the proposed projects will have on increasing the number of computer security researchers;
      • (iv) the nature of the participation by for-profit entities and the extent to which the proposed projects address the concerns of industry; and
      • (v) other criteria determined by the Director, based on information specified for inclusion in applications under subsection (c); and
    • (D) monitoring the progress of research projects supported under the program.
  • (4) The Director shall report to the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and the House of Representatives Committee on Science annually on the use and responsibility of individuals on assignment at the Institute under the Intergovernmental Personnel Act of 1970 [ 42 U.S.C. 4701 et seq.] who are performing duties under subsection (d).
• (e)
  • (1) The Director shall periodically review the portfolio of research awards monitored by each program manager designated in accordance with subsection (d). In conducting those reviews, the Director shall seek the advice of the Computer System Security 1 and Privacy Advisory Board, established under section 278g–4 of this title , on the appropriateness of the research goals and on the quality and utility of research projects managed by program managers in accordance with subsection (d).
  • (2) The Director shall also contract with the National Research Council for a comprehensive review of the program established under subsection (a) during the 5th year of the program. Such review shall include an assessment of the scientific quality of the research conducted, the relevance of the research results obtained to the goals of the program established under subsection (d)(3)(A), and the progress of the program in promoting the development of a substantial academic research community working at the leading edge of knowledge in the field. The Director shall submit to Congress a report on the results of the review under this paragraph no later than 6 years after the initiation of the program.
• (f) In this section:
  • (1) The term “computer system” has the meaning given that term in section 278g–3(d)(1) 2 of this title.
  • (2) The term “institution of higher education” has the meaning given that term in section 1001(a) of title 20 .

§ 278i. Reports to Congress

• (a) The Director shall keep the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives fully and currently informed with regard to all of the activities of the Institute.
• (b) The Director shall justify in writing all changes in policies regarding fees for standard reference materials and calibration services occurring after June 30, 1987 , including a description of the anticipated impact of any proposed changes on demand for and anticipated revenues from the materials and services. Changes in policy and fees shall not be effective unless and until the Director has submitted the proposed schedule and justification to the Congress and 30 days on which both Houses of Congress are in session have elapsed since such submission, except that the requirement of this sentence shall not apply with respect to adjustments which are based solely on changes in the costs of raw materials or of producing and delivering standard reference materials or calibration services.

§ 278j. Studies by National Research Council

The Director may periodically contract with the National Research Council for advice and studies to assist the Institute to serve United States industry and science. The subjects of such advice and studies may include—

• (1) the competitive position of the United States in key areas of manufacturing and emerging technologies and research activities which would enhance that competitiveness;
• (2) potential activities of the Institute, in cooperation with industry and the States, to assist in the transfer and dissemination of new technologies for manufacturing and quality assurance; and
• (3) identification and assessment of likely barriers to widespread use of advanced manufacturing technology by the United States workforce, including training and other initiatives which could lead to a higher percentage of manufacturing jobs of United States companies being located within the borders of our country.

§ 278k. Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership

• (a) In this section:
  • (1) The term “appropriate committees of Congress” means—
    • (A) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate; and
    • (B) the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives.
  • (2) The term “area career and technical education school” has the meaning given the term in section 2302 of title 20 .
  • (3) The term “Center” means a manufacturing extension center that—
    • (A) is created under subsection (b); and
    • (B) is affiliated with an eligible entity that applies for and is awarded financial support under subsection (e).
  • (4) The term “community college” means an institution of higher education (as defined under section 1001(a) of title 20 ) at which the highest degree that is predominately awarded to students is an associate’s degree.
  • (5) The term “eligible entity” means a United States-based nonprofit institution, or consortium thereof, an institution of higher education, or a State, United States territory, local, or tribal government.
  • (6) The term “Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership” or “Program” means the program established under subsection (b).
  • (7) The term “MEP Advisory Board” means the Manufacturing Extension Partnership Advisory Board established under subsection (n). 1 1 So in original. Probably should refer to subsec. (m).
• (b) The Secretary, acting through the Director and, if appropriate, through other Federal officials, shall establish a program to provide assistance for the creation and support of manufacturing extension centers for the transfer of manufacturing technology and best business practices.
• (c) The objective of the Program shall be to enhance competitiveness, productivity, and technological performance in United States manufacturing through—
  • (1) the transfer of manufacturing technology and techniques developed at the Institute to Centers and, through them, to manufacturing companies throughout the United States;
  • (2) the participation of individuals from industry, institutions of higher education, State governments, other Federal agencies, and, when appropriate, the Institute in cooperative technology transfer activities;
  • (3) efforts to make new manufacturing technology and processes usable by United States-based small and medium-sized companies;
  • (4) the active dissemination of scientific, engineering, technical, and management information about manufacturing to industrial firms, including small and medium-sized manufacturing companies;
  • (5) the utilization, when appropriate, of the expertise and capability that exists in Federal agencies, other than the Institute, and federally-sponsored laboratories;
  • (6) the provision to community colleges and area career and technical education schools of information about the job skills needed in manufacturing companies, including small and medium-sized manufacturing businesses in the regions they serve;
  • (7) the promotion and expansion of certification systems offered through industry, associations, and local colleges when appropriate, including efforts such as facilitating training, supporting new or existing apprenticeships, and providing access to information and experts, to address workforce needs and skills gaps in order to assist small- and medium-sized manufacturing businesses; and
  • (8) the growth in employment and wages at United States-based small and medium-sized companies.
• (d) The activities of a Center shall include—
  • (1) the establishment of automated manufacturing systems and other advanced production technologies, based on Institute-supported research, for the purpose of demonstrations and technology transfer;
  • (2) the active transfer and dissemination of research findings and Center expertise to a wide range of companies and enterprises, particularly small and medium-sized manufacturers; and
  • (3) the facilitation of collaborations and partnerships between small and medium-sized manufacturing companies, community colleges, and area career and technical education schools, to help those entities better understand the specific needs of manufacturers and to help manufacturers better understand the skill sets that students learn in the programs offered by such colleges and schools.
• (e)
  • (1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), the Secretary may provide financial assistance for the creation and support of a Center through a cooperative agreement with an eligible entity.
  • (2) The Secretary may not provide more than 50 percent of the capital and annual operating and maintenance funds required to establish and support a Center.
  • (3) For purposes of paragraph (2), any amount received by an eligible entity for a Center under a provision of law other than paragraph (1) shall not be considered an amount provided under paragraph (1).
  • (4) The Secretary may revise or promulgate such regulations as necessary to carry out this subsection.
• (f)
  • (1) An eligible entity shall submit an application to the Secretary at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Secretary may require.
  • (2) The Secretary shall establish and update, as necessary—
    • (A) a description of the Program;
    • (B) the application procedures;
    • (C) performance metrics;
    • (D) criteria for determining qualified applicants; and 2 2 So in original.
    • (E) criteria for choosing recipients of financial assistance from among the qualified applicants. 2
    • (F) procedures for determining allowable cost share contributions; and
    • (G) such other program policy objectives and operational procedures as the Secretary considers necessary.
  • (3)
    • (A) To be considered for financial assistance under this section, an applicant shall provide adequate assurances that the applicant and if applicable, the applicant’s partnering organizations, will obtain funding for not less than 50 percent of the capital and annual operating and maintenance funds required to establish and support the Center from sources other than the financial assistance provided under subsection (e).
    • (B) In meeting the cost-sharing requirement under subparagraph (A), an eligible entity may enter into an agreement with 1 or more other entities, such as a private industry, institutions of higher education, or a State, United States territory, local, or tribal government for the contribution by that other entity of funding if the Secretary determines the agreement—
      • (i) is programmatically reasonable;
      • (ii) will help accomplish programmatic objectives; and
      • (iii) is allocable under Program procedures under subsection (f)(2).
  • (4) Each applicant shall include in the application a proposal for the allocation of the legal rights associated with any intellectual property which may result from the activities of the Center.
  • (5)
    • (A) The Secretary shall subject each application to merit review.
    • (B) In making a decision whether to approve an application and provide financial assistance under subsection (e), the Secretary shall consider, at a minimum—
      • (i) the merits of the application, particularly those portions of the application regarding technology transfer, training and education, and adaptation of manufacturing technologies to the needs of particular industrial sectors;
      • (ii) the quality of service to be provided;
      • (iii) the geographical diversity and extent of the service area; and
      • (iv) the type and percentage of funding and in-kind commitment from other sources under paragraph (3).
• (g)
  • (1)
    • (A) The Secretary shall ensure that each Center is evaluated during its third and eighth years of operation by an evaluation panel appointed by the Secretary.
    • (B) The Secretary shall ensure that each evaluation panel appointed under subparagraph (A) is composed of—
      • (i) private experts, none of whom are connected with the Center evaluated by the panel; and
      • (ii) Federal officials.
    • (C) For each evaluation panel appointed under subparagraph (B), the Secretary shall appoint a chairperson who is an official of the Institute.
  • (2) In the fifth year of operation of a Center, the Secretary shall conduct a review of the Center.
  • (3) In evaluating a Center an evaluation panel or the Secretary, as applicable, shall measure the performance of the Center against—
    • (A) the objective specified in subsection (c);
    • (B) the performance metrics under subsection (f)(2)(C); and
    • (C) such other criterion as considered appropriate by the Secretary.
  • (4) If an evaluation of a Center is positive, the Secretary may continue to provide financial assistance for the Center—
    • (A) in the case of an evaluation occurring in the third year of a Center, through the fifth year of the Center;
    • (B) in the case of an evaluation occurring in the fifth year of a Center, through the eighth year of the Center; and
    • (C) in the case of an evaluation occurring in the eighth year of a Center, through the tenth year of the Center.
  • (5)
    • (A) If an evaluation of a Center is other than positive, the Secretary shall put the Center on probation during the period beginning on the date that the Center receives notice under subparagraph (B)(i) and ending on the date that the reevaluation is complete under subparagraph (B)(iii).
    • (B) If a Center receives an evaluation that is other than positive, the evaluation panel or Secretary, as applicable, shall—
      • (i) notify the Center of the reason, including any deficiencies in the performance of the Center identified during the evaluation;
      • (ii) assist the Center in remedying the deficiencies by providing the Center, not less frequently than once every 3 months, an analysis of the Center, if considered appropriate by the panel or Secretary, as applicable; and
      • (iii) reevaluate the Center not later than 1 year after the date of the notice under clause (i).
    • (C)
      • (i) The Secretary may continue to provide financial assistance under subsection (e) for a Center during the probation period.
      • (ii) After the period of probation, the Secretary shall not provide any financial assistance unless the Center has received a positive evaluation under subparagraph (B)(iii).
  • (6)
    • (A) If a Center fails to remedy a deficiency or to show significant improvement in performance before the end of the probation period under paragraph (5), the Secretary shall conduct a competition to select an operator for the Center under subsection (h).
    • (B) Upon the selection of an operator for a Center under subsection (h), the Center shall be considered a new Center and the calculation of the years of operation of that Center for purposes of paragraphs (1) through (5) of this subsection and subsection (h)(1) shall start anew.
• (h)
  • (1) If an eligible entity has operated a Center under this section for a period of 10 consecutive years, the Secretary shall conduct a competition to select an eligible entity to operate the Center in accordance with the process plan under subsection (i).
  • (2) An eligible entity that has received financial assistance under this section for a period of 10 consecutive years and that the Secretary determines is in good standing shall be eligible to compete in the competition under paragraph (1).
  • (3) Upon the selection of an operator for a Center under paragraph (1), the Center shall be considered a new Center and the calculation of the years of operation of that Center for purposes of paragraphs (1) through (5) of subsection (g) shall start anew.
• (i) Not later than 180 days after January 6, 2017 , the Secretary shall implement and submit to Congress a plan for how the Institute will conduct an evaluation, competition, and reapplication competition under this section.
• (j)
  • (1) The following information, if obtained by the Federal Government in connection with an activity of a Center or the Program, shall be exempt from public disclosure under section 552 of title 5 :
    • (A) Information on the business operation of any participant in the Program or of a client of a Center.
    • (B) Trade secrets of any client of a Center.
• (k)
  • (1) As a condition on receipt of financial assistance for a Center under subsection (e), an eligible entity shall establish a board to oversee the operations of the Center.
  • (2)
    • (A) The Director shall establish appropriate standards for each board described under paragraph (1).
    • (B) In establishing the standards, the Director shall take into account the type and organizational structure of an eligible entity.
    • (C) The standards shall address—
      • (i) membership;
      • (ii) composition;
      • (iii) term limits;
      • (iv) conflicts of interest; and
      • (v) such other requirements as the Director considers necessary.
  • (3)
    • (A) Each board established under paragraph (1) shall be composed of members as follows:
      • (i) The membership of each board shall be representative of stakeholders in the region in which the Center is located.
      • (ii) A majority of the members of the board shall be selected from among individuals who own or are employed by small or medium-sized manufacturers.
    • (B) A member of a board established under paragraph (1) may not serve on more than 1 board established under that paragraph.
  • (4)
    • (A) Each board established under paragraph (1) shall adopt and submit to the Director bylaws to govern the operation of the board.
    • (B) Bylaws adopted under subparagraph (A) shall include policies to minimize conflicts of interest, including such policies relating to disclosure of relationships and recusal as may be necessary to minimize conflicts of interest.
• (l) In addition to such sums as may be appropriated to the Secretary and Director to operate the Program, the Secretary and Director may also accept funds from other Federal departments and agencies and from the private sector under section 272(c)(7) of this title , to be available to the extent provided by appropriations Acts, for the purpose of strengthening United States manufacturing.
• (m)
  • (1) There is established within the Institute a Manufacturing Extension Partnership Advisory Board.
  • (2)
    • (A)
      • (i) The MEP Advisory Board shall consist of not fewer than 10 members appointed by the Director and broadly representative of stakeholders.
      • (ii) Of the members appointed under clause (i)—
        • (I) at least 2 members shall be employed by or on an advisory board for a Center;
        • (II) at least 5 members shall be from United States small businesses in the manufacturing sector; and
        • (III) at least 1 member shall represent a community college.
      • (iii) No member of the MEP Advisory Board shall be an employee of the Federal Government.
    • (B) Except as provided in subparagraph (C), the term of office of each member of the MEP Advisory Board shall be 3 years.
    • (C) Any member appointed to fill a vacancy occurring prior to the expiration of the term for which his predecessor was appointed shall be appointed for the remainder of such term.
    • (D) Any person who has completed 2 consecutive full terms of service on the MEP Advisory Board shall thereafter be ineligible for appointment during the 1-year period following the expiration of the second such term.
  • (3) The MEP Advisory Board shall—
    • (A) meet not less than biannually; and
    • (B) provide to the Director—
      • (i) advice on the activities, plans, and policies of the Program;
      • (ii) assessments of the soundness of the plans and strategies of the Program; and
      • (iii) assessments of current performance against the plans of the Program.
  • (4)
    • (A) In discharging its duties under this subsection, the MEP Advisory Board shall function solely in an advisory capacity, in accordance with the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.).
    • (B) Section 14 of the Federal Advisory Committee Act shall not apply to the MEP Advisory Board.
  • (5)
    • (A) At a minimum, the MEP Advisory Board shall transmit an annual report to the Secretary for transmittal to Congress not later than 30 days after the submission to Congress of the President’s annual budget under section 1105 of title 31 .
    • (B) The report shall address the status of the Program and describe the relevant sections of the programmatic planning document and updates thereto transmitted to Congress by the Director under subsections (c) and (d) of section 278i 3 3 See References in Text note below. of this title.
• (n)
  • (1) As part of the Program, the Director shall—
    • (A) identify obstacles that prevent small manufacturers from effectively competing in the global market;
    • (B) implement a comprehensive plan to train the Centers to address the obstacles identified in paragraph (2); and
    • (C) facilitate improved communication between the Centers to assist such manufacturers in implementing appropriate, targeted solutions to the obstacles identified in paragraph (2).
  • (2) As part of the Program, the Secretary shall develop open access resources that address best practices related to inventory sourcing, supply chain management, manufacturing techniques, available Federal resources, and other topics to further the competitiveness and profitability of small manufacturers.

§ 278l. Assistance to State technology programs

• (a) In addition to the Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership under section 278k of this title , the Secretary, through the Director and, if appropriate, through other officials, shall provide technical assistance to State technology programs throughout the United States, in order to help those programs help businesses, particularly small- and medium-sized businesses, to enhance their competitiveness through the application of science and technology.
• (b) Such assistance from the Institute to State technology programs shall include, but not be limited to—
  • (1) technical information and advice from Institute personnel;
  • (2) workshops and seminars for State officials interested in transferring Federal technology to businesses; and
  • (3) entering into cooperative agreements when authorized to do so under this chapter or any other Act.

§ 278o. User fees

The Institute shall not implement a policy of charging fees with respect to the use of Institute research facilities by research associates in the absence of express statutory authority to charge such fees.

§ 278p. Notice to Congress

• (a) If any funds authorized for carrying out this chapter are subject to a reprogramming action that requires notice to be provided to the Appropriations Committees of the House of Representatives and the Senate, notice of such action shall concurrently be provided to the Committee on Science of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate.
• (b)
  • (1) The Secretary shall provide notice to the Committees on Science and Appropriations of the House of Representatives, and the Committees on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and Appropriations of the Senate, not later than 15 days before any major reorganization of any program, project, or activity of the Institute.
  • (2) For purposes of this subsection, the term “major reorganization” means any reorganization of the Institute that involves the reassignment of more than 25 percent of the employees of the Institute.

§ 278q. Appropriations; availability

Appropriations to carry out the provisions of this chapter may remain available for obligation and expenditure for such period or periods as may be specified in the Acts making such appropriations.

§ 278r. Collaborative manufacturing research pilot grants

• (a)
  • (1) The Director shall establish a pilot program of awards to partnerships among participants described in paragraph (2) for the purposes described in paragraph (3). Awards shall be made on a peer-reviewed, competitive basis.
  • (2) Such partnerships shall include at least—
    • (A) 1 manufacturing industry partner; and
    • (B) 1 nonindustry partner.
  • (3) The purpose of the program under this section is to foster cost-shared collaborations among firms, educational institutions, research institutions, State agencies, and nonprofit organizations to encourage the development of innovative, multidisciplinary manufacturing technologies. Partnerships receiving awards under this section shall conduct applied research to develop new manufacturing processes, techniques, or materials that would contribute to improved performance, productivity, and competitiveness of United States manufacturing, and build lasting alliances among collaborators.
• (b) Awards under this section shall provide for not more than one-third of the costs of a partnership. Not more than an additional one-third of such costs may be obtained directly or indirectly from other Federal sources.
• (c) Applications for awards under this section shall be submitted in such manner, at such time, and containing such information as the Director shall require. Such applications shall describe at a minimum—
  • (1) how each partner will participate in developing and carrying out the research agenda of the partnership;
  • (2) the research that the grant would fund; and
  • (3) how the research to be funded with the award would contribute to improved performance, productivity, and competitiveness of the United States manufacturing industry.
• (d) In selecting applications for awards under this section, the Director shall consider at a minimum—
  • (1) the degree to which projects will have a broad impact on manufacturing;
  • (2) the novelty and scientific and technical merit of the proposed projects; and
  • (3) the demonstrated capabilities of the applicants to successfully carry out the proposed research.
• (e) In selecting applications under this section the Director shall ensure, to the extent practicable, a distribution of overall awards among a variety of manufacturing industry sectors and a range of firm sizes.
• (f) In carrying out this section, the Director shall run a single pilot competition to solicit and make awards. Each award shall be for a 3-year period.

§ 278s. Manufacturing USA

• (a) In this section:
  • (1) The term “agency head” means the head of any Executive agency (as defined in section 105 of title 5 ), other than the Department of Defense.
  • (2) The term “regional innovation initiative” has the meaning given such term in section 3722(f)(1) of this title .
• (b)
  • (1) The Secretary shall establish within the Institute a program to be known as the “Manufacturing United States of America Program” or the “Manufacturing USA Program” (referred to in this section as the “Program”).
  • (2) The purposes of the Program are—
    • (A) to improve the competitiveness of United States manufacturing and to increase the production of goods manufactured predominantly within the United States;
    • (B) to stimulate United States leadership in advanced manufacturing research, innovation, and technology;
    • (C) to facilitate the transition of innovative technologies into scalable, cost-effective, and high-performing manufacturing capabilities;
    • (D) to facilitate access by manufacturing enterprises to capital-intensive infrastructure, including high-performance electronics and computing, and the supply chains that enable these technologies;
    • (E) to accelerate the development of an advanced manufacturing workforce;
    • (F) to facilitate peer exchange of and the documentation of best practices in addressing advanced manufacturing challenges;
    • (G) to leverage non-Federal sources of support to promote a stable and sustainable business model without the need for long-term Federal funding;
    • (H) to create and preserve jobs; and
    • (I) to contribute to the development of regional innovation initiatives across the United States.
  • (3) The Secretary, acting through the Director, shall carry out the purposes set forth in paragraph (2) by supporting—
    • (A) the Manufacturing USA Network established under subsection (b); and
    • (B) the establishment of Manufacturing USA institutes.
  • (4) The Secretary shall carry out the Program through the Director.
• (c)
  • (1) As part of the Program, the Secretary shall establish a network of Manufacturing USA institutes.
  • (2) The network established under paragraph (1) shall be known as the “Manufacturing United States of America Network” or the “Manufacturing USA Network” (referred to in this section as the “Network”).
• (d)
  • (1) For purposes of this section, a Manufacturing USA institute is an institute that—
    • (A) has been established by a person or group of persons to address challenges in advanced manufacturing and to assist manufacturers in retaining or expanding industrial production and jobs in the United States;
    • (B) has a predominant focus on a manufacturing process, novel material, enabling technology, supply chain integration methodology, or another relevant aspect of advanced manufacturing, such as nanotechnology applications, advanced ceramics, photonics and optics, composites, biobased and advanced materials, flexible hybrid technologies, tool development for microelectronics, food manufacturing, superconductors, advanced battery technologies, robotics, advanced sensors, quantum information science, supply chain water optimization, aeronautics and advanced materials, and graphene and graphene commercialization;
    • (C) has the potential—
      • (i) to improve the competitiveness of United States manufacturing, including key advanced manufacturing technologies such as nanotechnology, advanced ceramics, photonics and optics, composites, biobased and advanced materials, flexible hybrid technologies, tool development for microelectronics, food manufacturing, superconductors, advanced battery technologies, robotics, advanced sensors, quantum information science, supply chain water optimization, aeronautics and advanced materials, and graphene and graphene commercialization;
      • (ii) to accelerate non-Federal investment in advanced manufacturing production capacity in the United States; or
      • (iii) to enable the commercial application of new technologies or industry-wide manufacturing processes; and
    • (D) includes active participation among representatives from multiple industrial entities, research universities, community colleges, and other entities as appropriate, which may include industry-led consortia, career and technical education schools, Federal laboratories, State, local, and Tribal governments, businesses, educational institutions, and nonprofit organizations.
  • (2)
    • (A) For purposes of this section, a Manufacturing USA institute is also an institute that carries out the following:
      • (i) Research, development, and demonstration projects, including proof-of-concept development and prototyping, to reduce the cost, time, or risk of commercializing new technologies and improvements in existing technologies, processes, products, and research and development of materials to solve precompetitive industrial problems with economic or national security implications.
      • (ii) Development and implementation of education, training, and workforce recruitment courses, materials, and programs addressing workforce needs through training and education programs at all appropriate education levels, including programs on applied engineering.
      • (iii) Development of innovative methodologies and practices for supply chain integration and introduction of new technologies into supply chains, as appropriate.
      • (iv) Outreach and engagement with small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises, including women, minority, and veteran owned manufacturing enterprises, in addition to large manufacturing enterprises.
      • (v) Development of roadmaps or leveraging of existing roadmaps with respect to technology areas being pursued by that Manufacturing USA institute that take into account the research and development undertaken at other Manufacturing USA institutes and Federal agencies with respect to such areas.
    • (B) In addition to the activities set forth under subparagraph (A), a Manufacturing USA institute may carry out such other activities as may be consistent with the purposes set forth under subsection (b)(2).
  • (3)
    • (A) Except as provided in subparagraph (C), the National Additive Manufacturing Innovation Institute and other manufacturing institutes formally recognized as Manufacturing USA institutes pursuant to Federal law or executive actions, or under pending interagency review for such recognition as of December 16, 2014 , shall be considered Manufacturing USA institutes for purposes of this section.
    • (B) Except as provided in subparagraph (C), an institute that is substantially similar to an institute described by paragraphs (1) and (2) but does not meet every element of such description and does not receive financial assistance under subsection (e) may, upon request of the institute, be recognized as a Manufacturing USA institute by the Secretary for purposes of participation in the Network.
    • (C) Effective beginning on December 20, 2019 , an institute shall be treated as a Manufacturing USA institute under this section and subject to subsections (b)(2), (d), and (e) in the same manner and to the same extent as such provisions apply to a Manufacturing USA institute described by paragraphs (1) and (2) if such institute—
      • (i)
        • (I) is, as of December 20, 2019 , considered a Manufacturing USA institute under subparagraph (A) or recognized as a Manufacturing USA institute under subparagraph (B); and
        • (II) as of December 20, 2019 , receives Federal financial assistance under subsection (e) or otherwise consistent with the purposes of this section;
      • (ii) is under pending agency review for such recognition as of December 20, 2019 ; or
      • (iii) is currently funded by the Department of Energy.
• (e)
  • (1) Under the Program, the Secretary and the Secretary of Energy shall, and every other agency head may, award financial assistance to a person or group of persons to assist the person or group of persons in planning, establishing, or supporting a Manufacturing USA institute.
  • (2)
    • (A) An award of financial assistance under paragraph (1) shall be awarded for an initial period of not less than 5 years and not more than 7 years.
    • (B)
      • (i) An award of financial assistance under paragraph (1) may be renewed for additional periods, with each period not to exceed the duration of the initial period of the award, subject to a rigorous merit review.
      • (ii) In carrying out a rigorous merit review under clause (i) for renewal of an award under such clause for a Manufacturing USA institute, an agency head shall consider the extent to which the institute has made progress in meeting the standards of performance established pursuant to paragraph (5)(C).
      • (iii) If, pursuant to a rigorous merit review under clause (i) for renewal of an award under such clause for a Manufacturing USA institute, an agency head finds that the institute does not meet the standards for performance established pursuant to paragraph (5)(C), the agency head shall—
        • (I) notify the institute of any deficiencies in the performance of the institute; and
        • (II) provide the institute one year to remedy such deficiencies.
      • (iv) If a Manufacturing USA institute fails to remedy a deficiency identified or to show significant improvement in performance during the 1-year period set forth under clause (iii)(II)—
        • (I) the institute shall not be eligible for 1 1 So in original. Probably should be followed by “a”. renewed award under clause (i); and
        • (II) the agency head that conducted the review for renewal shall notify the institute of such ineligibility.
      • (v) Not withstanding clauses (i) through (iv), a Manufacturing USA institute already in existence or undergoing a renewal process prior to December 1, 2019 —
        • (I) may continue to receive support for the duration of the original funding award beginning on the date of establishment of that institute; and
        • (II) shall be eligible for renewal of that funding pursuant to clause (i).
  • (3)
    • (A) A person or group of persons seeking financial assistance under paragraph (1) shall submit to an agency head an application therefor at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the agency head may require.
    • (B) An application submitted under subparagraph (A) for an institute shall, at a minimum include the following:
      • (i) A description of the specific sources and amounts of non-Federal financial support for the institute on the date financial assistance is sought.
      • (ii) A description of the anticipated sources and amounts of non-Federal financial support during the period for which the institute could be eligible for continued Federal financial assistance under this section.
  • (4)
    • (A) In awarding financial assistance under paragraph (1), an agency head shall—
      • (i) use a competitive, merit review process that includes review by a diverse group of individuals with relevant expertise from both the private and public sectors; and
      • (ii) ensure that the technology focus of a Manufacturing USA institute does not substantially duplicate the technology focus of any other Manufacturing USA institute.
    • (B)
      • (i) The review required by subparagraph (A)(i) may not include a review by a group of individuals that includes a political appointee.
      • (ii) Each agency head shall implement a conflict of interest policy that—
        • (I) ensures public transparency and accountability in the process used under subparagraph (A)(i); and
        • (II) requires full disclosure of any real or potential conflicts of interest on the parts of individuals that participate in the process used under subparagraph (A)(i).
      • (iii) For purposes of this subparagraph, the term “political appointee” has the meaning given such term in section 714(h) of title 38 .
    • (C) In selecting a person or group of persons who submitted an application to an agency head under paragraph (3) for an award of financial assistance under paragraph (1) for a Manufacturing USA institute, the agency head shall consider, at a minimum, the following:
      • (i) The potential of the Manufacturing USA institute to advance domestic manufacturing and the likelihood of economic impact, including the creation or preservation of jobs, in the predominant focus areas of the institute.
      • (ii) The commitment of continued financial support, advice, participation, and other contributions from non-Federal sources, to provide leverage and resources to promote a stable and sustainable business model.
      • (iii) Whether the financial support provided to the Manufacturing USA institute from non-Federal sources exceeds the requested Federal financial assistance.
      • (iv) How the Manufacturing USA institute will increase the non-Federal investment in advanced manufacturing research in the United States.
      • (v) How the Manufacturing USA institute will engage with small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises to improve the capacity of such enterprises to commercialize new processes and technologies and to improve the domestic supply chain.
      • (vi) How the Manufacturing USA institute will carry out educational and workforce activities that meet industrial needs related to the predominant focus areas of the institute.
      • (vii) How the Manufacturing USA institute will advance economic competitiveness and generate substantial benefits to the Nation that extend beyond the direct return to participants in the Program.
      • (viii) Whether the predominant focus of the Manufacturing USA institute is a manufacturing process, novel material, enabling technology, supply chain integration methodology, or other relevant aspect of advanced manufacturing that has not already been commercialized, marketed, distributed, or sold by another entity.
      • (ix) How the Manufacturing USA institute will strengthen and leverage the industrial, research, entrepreneurship, and other assets of a region.
      • (x) How the Manufacturing USA institute will encourage the education and training of veterans and individuals with disabilities.
  • (5) For each award of financial assistance under paragraph (1) by an agency head, the agency head shall—
    • (A) develop metrics to assess the effectiveness of the activities funded in making progress toward the purposes of the Program set forth under subsection (b)(2), including the effectiveness of Manufacturing USA institutes in advancing technology readiness levels or manufacturing readiness levels;
    • (B) establish standards for the performance of Manufacturing USA institutes that are based on the metrics developed under subparagraph (A); and
    • (C) for each Manufacturing USA institute supported by the award, 5 years after the initial award and every 5 years thereafter until Federal financial assistance under this subsection is discontinued, conduct an assessment of the institute to confirm whether the performance of the institute is meeting the standards for performance established under subparagraph (B).
  • (6) In awarding financial assistance under paragraph (1), an agency head, in coordination with the National Program Office, as the agency head considers appropriate, may collaborate with Federal departments and agencies whose missions contribute to or are affected by advanced manufacturing, including, as the agency head considers appropriate, the Department of Agriculture, the Department of Defense, the Department of Education, the Department of Energy, the Department of Labor, the Food and Drug Administration, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Institutes of Health, and the National Science Foundation.
  • (7)
    • (A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), an agency head may not, with respect to a Manufacturing USA institute, award financial assistance under paragraph (1) or renew an award of financial assistance under paragraph (2) unless the agency head determines that non-Federal funding comprises 50 percent or more of the total amount of funding made available for the operation and support of the institute.
    • (B) An agency head awarding financial assistance under paragraph (1) with respect to a Manufacturing USA institute may waive the requirements of subparagraph (A) in the case of satellite centers, large capital facilities, equipment purchases, workforce development, or general operations.
• (f) The Secretary may award a grant on a competitive basis to a Manufacturing USA institute that is not receiving financial assistance under subsection (e) to carry out workforce development, outreach to small- and medium-sized manufacturers, and other activities that—
  • (1) are determined by the Secretary to be in the national interest; and
  • (2) are unlikely to receive private sector financial support.
• (g)
  • (1) To the extent provided for in advance by appropriations Acts, the Secretary may use amounts appropriated to the Industrial Technical Services account to carry out this section as follows:
    • (A) For each of the fiscal years 2015 through 2019, an amount not to exceed $5,000,000.
    • (B) For each of fiscal years 2020 through 2030, such amounts as may be necessary to carry out this section.
  • (2) There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Energy for the provision of financial assistance under subsection (e) by the Department of Energy amounts as follows:
    • (A) $70,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2020, 2021, and 2022.
    • (B) $84,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 and 2024.
• (h)
  • (1) The Secretary shall establish, within the Institute, the National Office of the Manufacturing USA Network (referred to in this section as the “National Program Office”), which shall oversee and carry out the Program.
  • (2) The functions of the National Program Office are—
    • (A) to oversee the planning, management, and coordination of the Program;
    • (B) to coordinate with and, as appropriate, enter into memorandums of understanding with Federal departments and agencies whose missions contribute to or are affected by advanced manufacturing, including the Department of Agriculture, the Department of Defense, the Department of Education, the Department of Energy, the Department of Labor, the Food and Drug Administration, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Institutes of Health, and the National Science Foundation, to carry out the purposes set forth under subsection (b)(2);
    • (C) to develop, not later than December 16, 2015 , and update not less frequently than once every 3 years thereafter, a strategic plan to guide the Program;
    • (D) to establish such procedures, processes, and criteria as may be necessary and appropriate to maximize cooperation and coordinate the activities of the Program with programs and activities of other Federal departments and agencies whose missions contribute to or are affected by advanced manufacturing;
    • (E) to establish a clearinghouse of public information related to the activities of the Program;
    • (F) to act as a convener of the Network;
    • (G) to work with Federal agencies that are not sponsoring or supporting a Manufacturing USA institute to explore and develop options for sponsoring or supporting a Manufacturing USA institute;
    • (H) to work with Federal agencies that are sponsoring or supporting a Manufacturing USA institute to develop and implement network-wide performance goals with measurable targets and timelines;
    • (I) to help develop pilot programs that may be implemented by the Manufacturing USA institutes to address specific purposes of the Program, including to accelerate technology transfer to the private sector and to develop entrepreneurship programs;
    • (J) to provide support services to promote workforce development activities;
    • (K) to identify and disseminate best practices for workforce education and training across the Network and further enhance collaboration among Manufacturing USA institutes in developing and implementing such practices;
    • (L) to collaborate with the Department of Labor, the Department of Education, industry, career and technical education schools, local community colleges, universities, and labor organizations to provide input, as appropriate, for the development of national certifications for advanced manufacturing workforce skills in the technology areas of the Manufacturing USA institutes; and
    • (M) to coordinate with Manufacturing USA institutes to develop best practices for the membership agreements and coordination of similar project solicitations.
  • (3) In developing and updating the strategic plan under paragraph (2)(C), the Secretary shall solicit recommendations and advice from a wide range of stakeholders, including industry, small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises, research universities, community colleges, State, Tribal, and local governments, and other relevant organizations and institutions on an ongoing basis.
  • (4) Upon completion, the Secretary shall transmit the strategic plan required under paragraph (2)(C) to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives.
  • (5)
    • (A) The Secretary shall ensure that the National Program Office leverages the capabilities of the Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership into Program planning to ensure—
      • (i) significant outreach to, participation of, and engagement of small- and medium-sized manufacturers in Manufacturing USA institutes across the entirety of the manufacturing supply chain; and
      • (ii) that the results of the Program, including technologies developed by the Program, reach small- and medium-sized manufacturers and that such entities have access to technical assistance, as appropriate, in deploying those technologies.
    • (B) The Secretary may provide financial assistance to a manufacturing extension center established as part of the Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership to support the purposes of the Program by providing services in one or more of the following areas:
      • (i) Support services for small- and medium-sized manufacturers, that many include the designation of a liaison.
      • (ii) Assistance with workforce development.
      • (iii) Technology transfer for small and medium-sized manufacturers.
      • (iv) Such other areas as the Secretary determines appropriate to support the purposes of the Program.
  • (6) Any Federal Government employee may be detailed to the National Program Office without reimbursement. Such detail shall be without interruption or loss of civil service status or privilege.
• (i)
  • (1)
    • (A) Not less frequently than once each year, each agency head that is providing financial assistance under subsection (e) shall—
      • (i) require each recipient of such financial assistance submit to the agency head a report that describes the finances and performance of the Manufacturing USA institute with respect to which the financial assistance is awarded; and
      • (ii) submit to the Secretary each report received by the agency head under clause (i).
    • (B) Each report submitted under subparagraph (A) shall include:
      • (i) an accounting of expenditures of amounts awarded to the recipient under subsection (e); and
      • (ii) consistent with the standards for performance established under subsection (e)(5)(B), a description of the performance of the Manufacturing USA institute with respect to—
        • (I) its goals, plans, financial support, and accomplishments; and
        • (II) how the Manufacturing USA institute has furthered the purposes set forth under subsection (b)(2).
  • (2)
    • (A) Not less frequently than once each year until December 31, 2030 , the Secretary shall submit a report to Congress that describes the performance of the Program during the most recent 1-year period.
    • (B) Each report submitted under subparagraph (A) shall include, for the period covered by the report—
      • (i) a summary and assessment of the reports received by the Secretary under paragraph (1);
      • (ii) an accounting of the funds expended by the Secretary under the Program, including any waivers made under subsection (e)(7)(B);
      • (iii) an assessment of the participation in, and contributions to, the Network by any Manufacturing USA institutes not receiving financial assistance under subsection (e); and
      • (iv) an assessment of the Program with respect to meeting the purposes set forth under subsection (b)(2).
  • (3)
    • (A) Not less frequently than once every 3 years, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to Congress an assessment of the operation of the Program during the most recent 3-year period, including an assessment of the progress made towards achieving the goals specified in the national strategic plan for advanced manufacturing required under section 6622(b)(7) of title 42 .
    • (B) Each assessment submitted under subparagraph (A) shall include, for the period covered by the report—
      • (i) a review of the management, coordination, and industry utility of the Program;
      • (ii) an assessment of the extent to which the Program has furthered the purposes set forth under subsection (b)(2);
      • (iii) such recommendations for legislative and administrative action as the Comptroller General considers appropriate to improve the Program; and
      • (iv) an assessment as to whether any prior recommendations for improvement made by the Comptroller General have been implemented or adopted.
    • (C) No later than December 31, 2030 , the Comptroller General shall submit to Congress a final report regarding the overall success of the Program.
• (j)
  • (1) The Secretary may appoint such personnel and enter into such contracts, financial assistance agreements, and other agreements as the Secretary considers necessary or appropriate to carry out the Program, including support for research and development activities involving a Manufacturing USA institute.
  • (2) Of amounts available under the authority provided by subsection (g), the Secretary may transfer to other Federal agencies such sums as the Secretary considers necessary or appropriate to carry out the Program. No funds so transferred may be used to reimburse or otherwise pay for the costs of financial assistance incurred or commitments of financial assistance made prior to December 16, 2014 .
  • (3) In the event that the Secretary exercises the authority to transfer funds to another agency under paragraph (2), such agency may accept such funds to award and administer, under the same conditions and constraints applicable to the Secretary, all aspects of financial assistance awards under this section.
  • (4) In furtherance of the purposes of the Program, the Secretary may use, with the consent of a covered entity and with or without reimbursement, the land, services, equipment, personnel, and facilities of such covered entity.
  • (5) In addition to amounts appropriated to carry out the Program, the Secretary may accept funds, services, equipment, personnel, and facilities from any covered entity to carry out the Program, subject to the same conditions and constraints otherwise applicable to the Secretary under this section and such funds may only be obligated to the extent provided for in advance by appropriations Acts.
  • (6) For purposes of this subsection, a covered entity is any Federal department, Federal agency, instrumentality of the United States, State, local government, Tribal government, territory, or possession of the United States, or of any political subdivision thereof, or international organization, or any public or private entity or individual.
  • (7) The Secretary shall collaborate with Federal agencies whose missions contribute to, or are affected by, advanced manufacturing to identify and leverage existing resources at such Federal agencies to assist Manufacturing USA institutes in carrying out the purposes of the Program set forth under subsection (b)(2). Such existing resources may include programs—
    • (A) at the Department of Labor relating to labor and apprenticeships;
    • (B) at the Economic Development Administration relating to regional innovation, such as the Regional Innovation Strategies program;
    • (C) at the Department of Education relating to workforce development, education, training, and retraining;
    • (D) at the Department of Defense relating to procurement and other authorities of the Department of Defense;
    • (E) at the Food and Drug Administration relating to biopharmaceutical manufacturing;
    • (F) at the National Science Foundation, including the Advanced Technological Education program;
    • (G) at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration relating to procurement, workforce development, education, training, and retraining;
    • (H) at the Department of Energy relating to development of clean energy technologies and other authorities of the Department of Energy;
    • (I) at the Department of Agriculture relating to outreach to rural communities;
    • (J) additional programs that the Secretary determines are appropriate to support the activities of existing Manufacturing USA institutes; and 2 2 So in original. Subpars. (J) and (K) are identical and the words “additional programs” do not follow from introductory provisions.
    • (K) additional programs that the Secretary determines are appropriate to support the activities of existing Manufacturing USA institutes. 2
• (k) Chapter 18 of title 35 shall apply to any funding agreement (as defined in section 201 of that title) awarded to new or existing Manufacturing USA institutes with respect to which financial assistance is awarded under subsection (e).
• (l) Any reference in law, regulation, map, document, paper, or other record of the United States to the “Network for Manufacturing Innovation Program”, the “Network for Manufacturing Innovation”, “National Office of the Network for Manufacturing Innovation Program”, or a “center for manufacturing innovation” shall be considered to be a reference to the Manufacturing USA Program, the Manufacturing USA Network, the National Office of the Manufacturing USA Network, or a Manufacturing USA institute, respectively.

§ 279. Absence of Director

In the case of the absence of the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology the Secretary of Commerce may designate some officer of said Institute to perform the duties of the director during his absence.

§ 281a. Structural failures

The National Institute of Standards and Technology, on its own initiative but only after consultation with local authorities, may initiate and conduct investigations to determine the causes of structural failures in structures which are used or occupied by the general public. No part of any report resulting from such investigation, or from an investigation under the National Construction Safety Team Act [ 15 U.S.C. 7301 et seq.], shall be admitted as evidence or used in any suit or action for damages arising out of any matter mentioned in such report.

§ 282a. Assessment of emerging technologies requiring research in metrology

The Board of Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology shall include, as part of its annual review, an assessment of emerging technologies which are expected to require research in metrology to keep the Institute abreast of its mission, including process and quality control, engineering databases, advanced materials, electronics and fiber optics, bioprocess engineering, and advanced computing concepts. Such review shall include estimates of the cost of the required effort, required staffing levels, appropriate interaction with industry, including technology transfer, and the period over which the research will be required.

§ 290. Congressional declaration of policy

The Congress hereby finds and declares that reliable standardized scientific and technical reference data are of vital importance to the progress of the Nation’s science and technology. It is therefore the policy of the Congress to make critically evaluated reference data readily available to scientists, engineers, and the general public. It is the purpose of this chapter to strengthen and enhance this policy.

§ 290a. Definitions

For the purposes of this chapter:

• (1) The term “standard reference data” means data that is—
  • (A) either—
    • (i) quantitative information related to a measurable physical, or chemical, or biological property of a substance or system of substances of known composition and structure;
    • (ii) measurable characteristics of a physical artifact or artifacts;
    • (iii) engineering properties or performance characteristics of a system; or
    • (iv) 1 or more digital data objects that serve—
      • (I) to calibrate or characterize the performance of a detection or measurement system; or
      • (II) to interpolate or extrapolate, or both, data described in subparagraph (A) through (C); 1 1 So in original. and
  • (B) that is critically evaluated as to its reliability under section 290b of this title .
• (2) The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Commerce.

§ 290b. Collection, compilation, critical evaluation, publication and dissemination of standard reference data

The Secretary is authorized and directed to provide or arrange for the collection, compilation, critical evaluation, publication, and dissemination of standard reference data. In carrying out this program, the Secretary shall, to the maximum extent practicable, utilize the reference data services and facilities of other agencies and instrumentalities of the Federal Government and of State and local governments, persons, firms, institutions, and associations, with their consent and in such a manner as to avoid duplication of those services and facilities. All agencies and instrumentalities of the Federal Government are encouraged to exercise their duties and functions in such manner as will assist in carrying out the purpose of this chapter. This section shall be deemed complementary to existing authority, and nothing herein is intended to repeal, supersede, or diminish existing authority or responsibility of any agency or instrumentality of the Federal Government.

§ 290c. Standards, criteria, and procedures for preparation and publication of standard reference data; publication in Federal Register

To provide for more effective integration and coordination of standard reference data activities, the Secretary, in consultation with other interested Federal agencies, shall prescribe and publish in the Federal Register such standards, criteria, and procedures for the preparation and publication of standard reference data as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this chapter.

§ 290d. Sale of standard reference data; cost recovery; proceeds subject to National Institute of Standards and Technology

Standard reference data conforming to standards established by the Secretary may be made available and sold by the Secretary or by a person or agency designated by him. To the extent practicable and appropriate, the prices established for such data may reflect the cost of collection, compilation, evaluation, publication, and dissemination of the data, including administrative expenses; and the amounts received shall be subject to the Act of March 3, 1901 , as amended [ 15 U.S.C. 271 et seq.].

§ 290e. United States copyright and renewal rights

• (a) Notwithstanding the limitations under section 105 of title 17 , the Secretary may secure copyright and renewal thereof on behalf of the United States as author or proprietor in all or any part of any standard reference data which he prepares or makes available under this chapter, and may authorize the reproduction and publication thereof by others.
• (b) The publication or republication by the Government under this chapter, either separately or in a public document, of any material in which copyright is subsisting shall not be taken to cause any abridgment or annulment of the copyright or to authorize any use or appropriation of such material without the consent of the copyright proprietor.

§ 290f. Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this chapter, $1.86 million for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1969 . Notwithstanding the provisions of any other law, no appropriations for any fiscal year may be made for the purpose of this chapter after fiscal year 1969 unless previously authorized by legislation hereafter enacted by the Congress.