Title 15, Chapter 56
Commerce and Trade — 19 active sections, 2 inactive
Table of Contents (21 sections)
- § 2901 Findings
- § 2902 Purpose
- § 2903 Definitions
- § 2904 National Climate Program
- § 2905 Repealed. Pub. L. 99–272, title VI, § 6084(g) , Apr. 7, 1986 , 100 Stat. 137
- § 2906 Annual report
- § 2907 Contract and grant authority; records and audits
- § 2908 Authorization of appropriations
- § 2921 Definitions
- § 2931 Findings and purpose
- § 2932 Committee on Earth and Environmental Sciences
- § 2933 United States Global Change Research Program
- § 2934 National Global Change Research Plan
- § 2935 Budget coordination
- § 2936 Scientific assessment
- § 2937 Omitted
- § 2938 Relation to other authorities
- § 2951 Findings and purposes
- § 2952 International discussions
- § 2953 Global Change Research Information Office
- § 2961 Study and decision aid
§ 2901. Findings
The Congress finds and declares the following:
- (1) Weather and climate change affect food production, energy use, land use, water resources and other factors vital to national security and human welfare.
- (2) An ability to anticipate natural and man-induced changes in climate would contribute to the soundness of policy decisions in the public and private sectors.
- (3) Significant improvements in the ability to forecast climate on an intermediate and long-term basis are possible.
- (4) Information regarding climate is not being fully disseminated or used, and Federal efforts have given insufficient attention to assessing and applying this information.
- (5) Climate fluctuation and change occur on a global basis, and deficiencies exist in the system for monitoring global climate changes. International cooperation for the purpose of sharing the benefits and costs of a global effort to understand climate is essential.
- (6) The United States lacks a well-defined and coordinated program in climate-related research, monitoring, assessment of effects, and information utilization.
§ 2902. Purpose
It is the purpose of the Congress in this chapter to establish a national climate program that will assist the Nation and the world to understand and respond to natural and man-induced climate processes and their implications.
§ 2903. Definitions
As used in this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires:
- (1) The term “Board” means the Climate Program Policy Board.
- (2) The term “Office” means the National Climate Program Office.
- (3) The term “Program” means the National Climate Program.
- (4) The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Commerce.
§ 2904. National Climate Program
- (a) The President shall establish a National Climate Program in accordance with the provisions, findings and purposes of this chapter.
- (b) The President shall—
- (1) promulgate the 5-year plans described in subsection (d)(9);
- (2) define the roles in the Program of Federal officers, departments, and agencies, including the Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Energy, Interior, State, and Transportation; the Environmental Protection Agency; the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; the Council on Environmental Quality; the National Science Foundation; and the Office of Science and Technology Policy; and
- (3) provide for Program coordination.
- (c)
- (1) The Secretary shall establish within the Department of Commerce a National Climate Program Office not later than 30 days after September 17, 1978 .
- (2) The Office shall—
- (A) serve as the lead entity responsible for administering the program;
- (B) be headed by a Director who shall represent the Climate Program Policy Board and shall be spokesperson for the program;
- (C) serve as the staff for the Board and its supporting committees and working groups;
- (D) review each agency budget request transmitted under subsection (g)(1) and submit an analysis of the requests to the Board for its review;
- (E) be responsible for coordinating interagency participation in international climate-related activities; and
- (F) work with the National Academy of Sciences and other private, academic, State, and local groups in preparing and implementing the 5-year plan (described in subsection (d)(9)) and the program.
- (3) The Secretary may provide, through the Office, financial assistance, in the form of contracts or grants or cooperative agreements, for climate-related activities which are needed to meet the goals and priorities of the program set forth in the 5-year plan pursuant to subsection (d)(9), if such goals and priorities are not being adequately addressed by any Federal department, agency, or instrumentality.
- (4) Each Federal officer, employee, department and agency involved in the Program shall cooperate with the Secretary in carrying out the provisions of this chapter.
- (d) The Program shall include, but not be limited to, the following elements:
- (1) assessments of the effect of climate on the natural environment, agricultural production, energy supply and demand, land and water resources, transportation, human health and national security. Such assessments shall be conducted to the maximum extent possible by those Federal agencies having national programs in food, fiber, raw materials, energy, transportation, land and water management, and other such responsibilities, in accordance with existing laws and regulations. Where appropriate such assessments may include recommendations for action;
- (2) basic and applied research to improve the understanding of climate processes, natural and man induced, and the social, economic, and political implications of climate change;
- (3) methods for improving climate forecasts on a monthly, seasonal, yearly, and longer basis;
- (4) global data collection, and monitoring and analysis activities to provide reliable, useful and readily available information on a continuing basis;
- (5) systems for the management and active dissemination of climatological data, information and assessments, including mechanisms for consultation with current and potential users;
- (6) measures for increasing international cooperation in climate research, monitoring, analysis and data dissemination;
- (7) mechanisms for intergovernmental climate-related studies and services including participation by universities, the private sector and others concerned with applied research and advisory services. Such mechanisms may provide, among others, for the following State and regional services and functions: (A) studies relating to and analyses of climatic effects on agricultural production, water resources, energy needs, and other critical sectors of the economy; (B) atmospheric data collection and monitoring on a statewide and regional basis; (C) advice to regional, State, and local government agencies regarding climate-related issues; (D) information to users within the State regarding climate and climatic effects; and (E) information to the Secretary regarding the needs of persons within the States for climate-related services, information, and data. The Secretary may make annual grants to any State or group of States, which grants shall be made available to public or private educational institutions, to State agencies, and to other persons or institutions qualified to conduct climate-related studies or provide climate-related services;
- (8) experimental climate forecast centers, which shall (A) be responsible for making and routinely updating experimental climate forecasts of a monthly, seasonal, annual, and longer nature, based on a variety of experimental techniques; (B) establish procedures to have forecasts reviewed and their accuracy evaluated; and (C) protect against premature reliance on such experimental forecasts; and
- (9) a preliminary 5-year plan, to be submitted to the Congress for review and comment, not later than 180 days after September 17, 1978 , and a final 5-year plan to be submitted to the Congress not later than 1 year after September 17, 1978 , that shall be revised and extended at least once every four years. Each plan shall establish the goals and priorities for the Program, including the intergovernmental program described in paragraph (7), over the subsequent 5-year period, and shall contain details regarding (A) the role of Federal agencies in the programs, (B) Federal funding required to enable the Program to achieve such goals, and (C) Program accomplishments that must be achieved to ensure that Program goals are met within the time frame established by the plan.
- (e)
- (1) The Secretary shall establish and maintain an interagency Climate Program Policy Board, consisting of representatives of the Federal agencies specified in subsection (b)(2) and any other agency which the Secretary determines should participate in the Program.
- (2) The Board shall—
- (A) be responsible for coordinated planning and progress review for the Program;
- (B) review all agency and department budget requests related to climate transmitted under subsection (g)(1) and submit a report to the Office of Management and Budget concerning such budget requests;
- (C) establish and maintain such interagency groups as the Board determines to be necessary to carry out its activities; and
- (D) consult with and seek the advice of users and producers of climate data, information, and services to guide the Board’s efforts, keeping the Director and the Congress advised of such contacts.
- (3) The Board biennially shall select a Chair from among its members. A Board member who is a representative of an agency may not serve as Chair of the Board for a term if an individual who represented that same agency on the Board served as the Board’s Chair for the previous term.
- (f)
- (1) The Program shall be conducted so as to encourage cooperation with, and participation in the Program by, other organizations or agencies involved in related activities. For this purpose the Secretary shall cooperate and participate with other Federal agencies, and foreign, international, and domestic organizations and agencies involved in international or domestic climate-related programs.
- (2) The Secretary and the Secretary of State shall cooperate with the Office in (A) providing representation at climate-related international meetings and conferences in which the United States participates, and (B) coordinating the activities of the Program with the climate programs of other nations and international agencies and organizations, including the World Meteorological Organization, the International Council of Scientific Unions, the United Nations Environmental Program, the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, the World Health Organization, and Food and Agriculture Organization.
- (g) Each Federal agency and department participating in the Program, shall prepare and submit to the Office of Management and Budget, on or before the date of submission of departmental requests for appropriations to the Office of Management and Budget, an annual request for appropriations for the Program for the subsequent fiscal year and shall transmit a copy of such request to the National Climate Program Office. The Office of Management and Budget shall review the request for appropriations as an integrated, coherent, multiagency request.
§ 2905. Repealed. Pub. L. 99–272, title VI, § 6084(g) , Apr. 7, 1986 , 100 Stat. 137
§ 2905. Repealed. Pub. L. 99–272, title VI, § 6084(g) , Apr. 7, 1986 , 100 Stat. 137
§ 2906. Annual report
The Secretary shall prepare and submit to the President and the authorizing committees of the Congress, not later than March 31 of each year, a report on the activities conducted pursuant to this chapter during the preceding fiscal year, including—
- (a) a summary of the achievements of the Program during the previous fiscal year;
- (b) an analysis of the progress made toward achieving the goals and objectives of the Program;
- (c) a copy of the 5-year plan and any changes made in such plan;
- (d) a summary of the multiagency budget request for the Program of section 2904(g) of this title ; and
- (e) any recommendations for additional legislation which may be required to assist in achieving the purposes of this chapter.
§ 2907. Contract and grant authority; records and audits
- (a) Functions vested in any Federal officer or agency by this chapter or under the Program may be exercised through the facilities and personnel of the agency involved or, to the extent provided or approved in advance in appropriation Acts, by other persons or entities under contracts or grant arrangements entered into by such officer or agency.
- (b)
- (1) Each person or entity to which Federal funds are made available under a contract or grant arrangement as authorized by this chapter shall keep such records as the Director of the Office shall prescribe, including records which fully disclose the amount and disposition by such person or entity of such funds, the total cost of the activities for which such funds were so made available, the amount of that portion of such cost supplied from other sources, and such other records as will facilitate an effective audit.
- (2) The Director of the Office and the Comptroller General of the United States, or any of their duly authorized representatives, shall, until the expiration of 3 years after the completion of the activities (referred to in paragraph (1)) of any person or entity pursuant to any contract or grant arrangement referred to in subsection (a), have access for the purpose of audit and examination to any books, documents, papers, and records of such person or entity which, in the judgment of the Director or the Comptroller General, may be related or pertinent to such contract or grant arrangement.
§ 2908. Authorization of appropriations
In addition to any other funds otherwise authorized to be appropriated for the purpose of conducting climate-related programs, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary, for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this chapter, not to exceed $50,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1979 , not to exceed $65,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1980 , and not to exceed $25,500,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1981 , of which amount not less than $2,653,000 shall be made directly available to the National Climate Program Office in the form of a budget item separate from the activities of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
§ 2921. Definitions
As used in this chapter, the term—
- (1) “Committee” means the Committee on Earth and Environmental Sciences established under section 2932 of this title ;
- (2) “Council” means the Federal Coordinating Council on Science, Engineering, and Technology;
- (3) “global change” means changes in the global environment (including alterations in climate, land productivity, oceans or other water resources, atmospheric chemistry, and ecological systems) that may alter the capacity of the Earth to sustain life;
- (4) “global change research” means study, monitoring, assessment, prediction, and information management activities to describe and understand—
- (A) the interactive physical, chemical, and biological processes that regulate the total Earth system;
- (B) the unique environment that the Earth provides for life;
- (C) changes that are occurring in the Earth system; and
- (D) the manner in which such system, environment, and changes are influenced by human actions;
- (5) “Plan” means the National Global Change Research Plan developed under section 2934 of this title , or any revision thereof; and
- (6) “Program” means the United States Global Change Research Program established under section 2933 of this title .
§ 2931. Findings and purpose
- (a) The Congress makes the following findings:
- (1) Industrial, agricultural, and other human activities, coupled with an expanding world population, are contributing to processes of global change that may significantly alter the Earth habitat within a few human generations.
- (2) Such human-induced changes, in conjunction with natural fluctuations, may lead to significant global warming and thus alter world climate patterns and increase global sea levels. Over the next century, these consequences could adversely affect world agricultural and marine production, coastal habitability, biological diversity, human health, and global economic and social well-being.
- (3) The release of chlorofluorocarbons and other stratospheric ozone-depleting substances is rapidly reducing the ability of the atmosphere to screen out harmful ultraviolet radiation, which could adversely affect human health and ecological systems.
- (4) Development of effective policies to abate, mitigate, and cope with global change will rely on greatly improved scientific understanding of global environmental processes and on our ability to distinguish human-induced from natural global change.
- (5) New developments in interdisciplinary Earth sciences, global observing systems, and computing technology make possible significant advances in the scientific understanding and prediction of these global changes and their effects.
- (6) Although significant Federal global change research efforts are underway, an effective Federal research program will require efficient interagency coordination, and coordination with the research activities of State, private, and international entities.
- (b) The purpose of this subchapter is to provide for development and coordination of a comprehensive and integrated United States research program which will assist the Nation and the world to understand, assess, predict, and respond to human-induced and natural processes of global change.
§ 2932. Committee on Earth and Environmental Sciences
- (a) The President, through the Council, shall establish a Committee on Earth and Environmental Sciences. The Committee shall carry out Council functions under section 6651 of title 42 relating to global change research, for the purpose of increasing the overall effectiveness and productivity of Federal global change research efforts.
- (b) The Committee shall consist of at least one representative from—
- (1) the National Science Foundation;
- (2) the National Aeronautics and Space Administration;
- (3) the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the Department of Commerce;
- (4) the Environmental Protection Agency;
- (5) the Department of Energy;
- (6) the Department of State;
- (7) the Department of Defense;
- (8) the Department of the Interior;
- (9) the Department of Agriculture;
- (10) the Department of Transportation;
- (11) the Office of Management and Budget;
- (12) the Office of Science and Technology Policy;
- (13) the Council on Environmental Quality;
- (14) the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences of the National Institutes of Health; and
- (15) such other agencies and departments of the United States as the President or the Chairman of the Council considers appropriate.
- (c) The Chairman of the Council, in consultation with the Committee, biennially shall select one of the Committee members to serve as Chairperson. The Chairperson shall be knowledgeable and experienced with regard to the administration of scientific research programs, and shall be a representative of an agency that contributes substantially, in terms of scientific research capability and budget, to the Program.
- (d) An Executive Secretary shall be appointed by the Chairperson of the Committee, with the approval of the Committee. The Executive Secretary shall be a permanent employee of one of the agencies or departments represented on the Committee, and shall remain in the employ of such agency or department. The Chairman of the Council shall have the authority to make personnel decisions regarding any employees detailed to the Council for purposes of working on business of the Committee pursuant to section 6651 of title 42 .
- (e) The Council, through the Committee, shall be responsible for planning and coordinating the Program. In carrying out this responsibility, the Committee shall—
- (1) serve as the forum for developing the Plan and for overseeing its implementation;
- (2) improve cooperation among Federal agencies and departments with respect to global change research activities;
- (3) provide budgetary advice as specified in section 2935 of this title ;
- (4) work with academic, State, industry, and other groups conducting global change research, to provide for periodic public and peer review of the Program;
- (5) cooperate with the Secretary of State in—
- (A) providing representation at international meetings and conferences on global change research in which the United States participates; and
- (B) coordinating the Federal activities of the United States with programs of other nations and with international global change research activities such as the International Geosphere-Biosphere Program;
- (6) consult with actual and potential users of the results of the Program to ensure that such results are useful in developing national and international policy responses to global change; and
- (7) report at least annually to the President and the Congress, through the Chairman of the Council, on Federal global change research priorities, policies, and programs.
§ 2933. United States Global Change Research Program
The President shall establish an interagency United States Global Change Research Program to improve understanding of global change. The Program shall be implemented by the Plan developed under section 2934 of this title .
§ 2934. National Global Change Research Plan
- (a) The Chairman of the Council, through the Committee, shall develop a National Global Change Research Plan for implementation of the Program. The Plan shall contain recommendations for national global change research. The Chairman of the Council shall submit the Plan to the Congress within one year after November 16, 1990 , and a revised Plan shall be submitted at least once every three years thereafter.
- (b) The Plan shall—
- (1) establish, for the 10-year period beginning in the year the Plan is submitted, the goals and priorities for Federal global change research which most effectively advance scientific understanding of global change and provide usable information on which to base policy decisions relating to global change;
- (2) describe specific activities, including research activities, data collection and data analysis requirements, predictive modeling, participation in international research efforts, and information management, required to achieve such goals and priorities;
- (3) identify and address, as appropriate, relevant programs and activities of the Federal agencies and departments represented on the Committee that contribute to the Program;
- (4) set forth the role of each Federal agency and department in implementing the Plan;
- (5) consider and utilize, as appropriate, reports and studies conducted by Federal agencies and departments, the National Research Council, or other entities;
- (6) make recommendations for the coordination of the global change research activities of the United States with such activities of other nations and international organizations, including—
- (A) a description of the extent and nature of necessary international cooperation;
- (B) the development by the Committee, in consultation when appropriate with the National Space Council, of proposals for cooperation on major capital projects;
- (C) bilateral and multilateral proposals for improving worldwide access to scientific data and information; and
- (D) methods for improving participation in international global change research by developing nations; and
- (7) estimate, to the extent practicable, Federal funding for global change research activities to be conducted under the Plan.
- (c) The Plan shall provide for, but not be limited to, the following research elements:
- (1) Global measurements, establishing worldwide observations necessary to understand the physical, chemical, and biological processes responsible for changes in the Earth system on all relevant spatial and time scales.
- (2) Documentation of global change, including the development of mechanisms for recording changes that will actually occur in the Earth system over the coming decades.
- (3) Studies of earlier changes in the Earth system, using evidence from the geological and fossil record.
- (4) Predictions, using quantitative models of the Earth system to identify and simulate global environmental processes and trends, and the regional implications of such processes and trends.
- (5) Focused research initiatives to understand the nature of and interaction among physical, chemical, biological, and social processes related to global change.
- (d) The Plan shall provide recommendations for collaboration within the Federal Government and among nations to—
- (1) establish, develop, and maintain information bases, including necessary management systems which will promote consistent, efficient, and compatible transfer and use of data;
- (2) create globally accessible formats for data collected by various international sources; and
- (3) combine and interpret data from various sources to produce information readily usable by policymakers attempting to formulate effective strategies for preventing, mitigating, and adapting to the effects of global change.
- (e) The Chairman of the Council shall enter into an agreement with the National Research Council under which the National Research Council shall—
- (1) evaluate the scientific content of the Plan; and
- (2) provide information and advice obtained from United States and international sources, and recommended priorities for future global change research.
- (f) In developing the Plan, the Committee shall consult with academic, State, industry, and environmental groups and representatives. Not later than 90 days before the Chairman of the Council submits the Plan, or any revision thereof, to the Congress, a summary of the proposed Plan shall be published in the Federal Register for a public comment period of not less than 60 days.
§ 2935. Budget coordination
- (a) The Committee shall each year provide general guidance to each Federal agency or department participating in the Program with respect to the preparation of requests for appropriations for activities related to the Program.
- (b)
- (1) Working in conjunction with the Committee, each Federal agency or department involved in global change research shall include with its annual request for appropriations submitted to the President under section 1108 of title 31 a report which—
- (A) identifies each element of the proposed global change research activities of the agency or department;
- (B) specifies whether each element (i) contributes directly to the Program or (ii) contributes indirectly but in important ways to the Program; and
- (C) states the portion of its request for appropriations allocated to each element of the Program.
- (2) Each agency or department that submits a report under paragraph (1) shall submit such report simultaneously to the Committee.
- (1) Working in conjunction with the Committee, each Federal agency or department involved in global change research shall include with its annual request for appropriations submitted to the President under section 1108 of title 31 a report which—
- (c)
- (1) The President shall, in a timely fashion, provide the Committee with an opportunity to review and comment on the budget estimate of each agency and department involved in global change research in the context of the Plan.
- (2) The President shall identify in each annual budget submitted to the Congress under section 1105 of title 31 those items in each agency’s or department’s annual budget which are elements of the Program.
§ 2936. Scientific assessment
On a periodic basis (not less frequently than every 4 years), the Council, through the Committee, shall prepare and submit to the President and the Congress an assessment which—
- (1) integrates, evaluates, and interprets the findings of the Program and discusses the scientific uncertainties associated with such findings;
- (2) analyzes the effects of global change on the natural environment, agriculture, energy production and use, land and water resources, transportation, human health and welfare, human social systems, and biological diversity; and
- (3) analyzes current trends in global change, both human-inducted 1 1 So in original. Probably should be “human-induced”. and natural, and projects major trends for the subsequent 25 to 100 years.
§ 2937. Omitted
§ 2937. Omitted
§ 2938. Relation to other authorities
- (a) The President, the Chairman of the Council, and the Secretary of Commerce shall ensure that relevant research activities of the National Climate Program, established by the National Climate Program Act ( 15 U.S.C. 2901 et seq.), are considered in developing national global change research efforts.
- (b) The President, the Chairman of the Council, and the heads of the agencies and departments represented on the Committee, shall ensure that the research findings of the Committee, and of Federal agencies and departments, are available to—
- (1) the Environmental Protection Agency for use in the formulation of a coordinated national policy on global climate change pursuant to section 1103 of the Global Climate Protection Act of 1987 ( 15 U.S.C. 2901 note); and
- (2) all Federal agencies and departments for use in the formulation of coordinated national policies for responding to human-induced and natural processes of global change pursuant to other statutory responsibilities and obligations.
- (c) Nothing in this subchapter shall be construed, interpreted, or applied to preclude or delay the planning or implementation of any Federal action designed, in whole or in part, to address the threats of stratospheric ozone depletion or global climate change.
§ 2951. Findings and purposes
- (a) The Congress makes the following findings:
- (1) Pooling of international resources and scientific capabilities will be essential to a successful international global change program.
- (2) While international scientific planning is already underway, there is currently no comprehensive intergovernmental mechanism for planning, coordinating, or implementing research to understand global change and to mitigate possible adverse effects.
- (3) An international global change research program will be important in building future consensus on methods for reducing global environmental degradation.
- (4) The United States, as a world leader in environmental and Earth sciences, should help provide leadership in developing and implementing an international global change research program.
- (b) The purposes of this subchapter are to—
- (1) promote international, intergovernmental cooperation on global change research;
- (2) involve scientists and policymakers from developing nations in such cooperative global change research programs; and
- (3) promote international efforts to provide technical and other assistance to developing nations which will facilitate improvements in their domestic standard of living while minimizing damage to the global or regional environment.
§ 2952. International discussions
- (a) The President should direct the Secretary of State, in cooperation with the Committee, to initiate discussions with other nations leading toward international protocols and other agreements to coordinate global change research activities. Such discussions should include the following issues:
- (1) Allocation of costs in global change research programs, especially with respect to major capital projects.
- (2) Coordination of global change research plans with those developed by international organizations such as the International Council on Scientific Unions, the World Meteorological Organization, and the United Nations Environment Program.
- (3) Establishment of global change research centers and training programs for scientists, especially those from developing nations.
- (4) Development of innovative methods for management of international global change research, including—
- (A) use of new or existing intergovernmental organizations for the coordination or funding of global change research; and
- (B) creation of a limited foundation for global change research.
- (5) The prompt establishment of international projects to—
- (A) create globally accessible formats for data collected by various international sources; and
- (B) combine and interpret data from various sources to produce information readily usable by policymakers attempting to formulate effective strategies for preventing, mitigating, and adapting to possible adverse effects of global change.
- (6) Establishment of international offices to disseminate information useful in identifying, preventing, mitigating, or adapting to the possible effects of global change.
- (b) The President should direct the Secretary of State (in cooperation with the Secretary of Energy, the Secretary of Commerce, the United States Trade Representative, and other appropriate members of the Committee) to initiate discussions with other nations leading toward an international research protocol for cooperation on the development of energy technologies which have minimally adverse effects on the environment. Such discussions should include, but not be limited to, the following issues:
- (1) Creation of an international cooperative program to fund research related to energy efficiency, solar and other renewable energy sources, and passively safe and diversion-resistant nuclear reactors.
- (2) Creation of an international cooperative program to develop low cost energy technologies which are appropriate to the environmental, economic, and social needs of developing nations.
- (3) Exchange of information concerning environmentally safe energy technologies and practices, including those described in paragraphs (1) and (2).
§ 2953. Global Change Research Information Office
Not more than 180 days after November 16, 1990 , the President shall, in consultation with the Committee and all relevant Federal agencies, establish an Office of Global Change Research Information. The purpose of the Office shall be to disseminate to foreign governments, businesses, and institutions, as well as the citizens of foreign countries, scientific research information available in the United States which would be useful in preventing, mitigating, or adapting to the effects of global change. Such information shall include, but need not be limited to, results of scientific research and development on technologies useful for—
- (1) reducing energy consumption through conservation and energy efficiency;
- (2) promoting the use of solar and renewable energy sources which reduce the amount of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere;
- (3) developing replacements for chlorofluorocarbons, halons, and other ozone-depleting substances which exhibit a significantly reduced potential for depleting stratospheric ozone;
- (4) promoting the conservation of forest resources which help reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere;
- (5) assisting developing countries in ecological pest management practices and in the proper use of agricultural, and industrial chemicals; and
- (6) promoting recycling and source reduction of pollutants in order to reduce the volume of waste which must be disposed of, thus decreasing energy use and greenhouse gas emissions.
§ 2961. Study and decision aid
- (a) The Secretary of Commerce shall conduct a study of the implications and potential consequences of growth and development on urban, suburban, and rural communities. Based upon the findings of the study, the Secretary shall produce a decision aid to assist State and local authorities in planning and managing urban, suburban, and rural growth and development while preserving community character.
- (b) The Secretary of Commerce shall consult with other appropriate Federal departments and agencies as necessary in carrying out this section.
- (c) The Secretary of Commerce shall submit to the Congress a report containing the decision aid produced under subsection (a) no later than January 30, 1992 . The Secretary shall notify appropriate State and local authorities that such decision aid is available on request.