§ 10101. Reserve components named

The reserve components of the armed forces are:

• (1) The Army National Guard of the United States.
• (2) The Army Reserve.
• (3) The Navy Reserve.
• (4) The Marine Corps Reserve.
• (5) The Air National Guard of the United States.
• (6) The Air Force Reserve.
• (7) The Coast Guard Reserve.

§ 10102. Purpose of reserve components

The purpose of each reserve component is to provide trained units and qualified persons available for active duty in the armed forces, in time of war or national emergency, and at such other times as the national security may require, to fill the needs of the armed forces whenever more units and persons are needed than are in the regular components.

§ 10102a. Deployment prioritization and readiness of Army components

• (a) The Secretary of the Army shall maintain a system for identifying the priority of deployment for units of all components of the Army.
• (b) The Secretary of the Army shall maintain a readiness rating system for units of all components of the Army that provides an accurate assessment of the deployability of a unit and those shortfalls of a unit that require the provision of additional resources. The system shall ensure—
  • (1) that the personnel readiness rating of a unit reflects—
    • (A) both the percentage of the overall personnel requirement of the unit that is manned and deployable and the fill and deployability rate for critical occupational specialties necessary for the unit to carry out its basic mission requirements; and
    • (B) the number of personnel in the unit who are qualified in their primary military occupational specialty; and
  • (2) that the equipment readiness assessment of a unit—
    • (A) documents all equipment required for deployment;
    • (B) reflects only that equipment that is directly possessed by the unit;
    • (C) specifies the effect of substitute items; and
    • (D) assesses the effect of missing components and sets on the readiness of major equipment items.

§ 10103. Basic policy for order into Federal service

Whenever Congress determines that more units and organizations are needed for the national security than are in the regular components of the ground and air forces, the Army National Guard of the United States and the Air National Guard of the United States, or such parts of them as are needed, together with units of other reserve components necessary for a balanced force, shall be ordered to active duty and retained as long as so needed.

§ 10104. Army Reserve: composition

The Army Reserve includes all Reserves of the Army who are not members of the Army National Guard of the United States.

§ 10105. Army National Guard of the United States: composition

The Army National Guard of the United States is the reserve component of the Army that consists of—

• (1) federally recognized units and organizations of the Army National Guard; and
• (2) members of the Army National Guard who are also Reserves of the Army.

§ 10106. Army National Guard: when a component of the Army

The Army National Guard while in the service of the United States is a component of the Army.

§ 10107. Army National Guard of the United States: status when not in Federal service

When not on active duty, members of the Army National Guard of the United States shall be administered, armed, equipped, and trained in their status as members of the Army National Guard.

§ 10108. Navy Reserve: administration

• (a) The Navy Reserve is the reserve component of the Navy. It shall be organized, administered, trained, and supplied under the direction of the Chief of Naval Operations.
• (b) The bureaus and offices of the executive part of the Department of the Navy have the same relation and responsibility to the Navy Reserve as they do to the Regular Navy.

§ 10109. Marine Corps Reserve: administration

• (a) The Marine Corps Reserve is the reserve component of the Marine Corps. It shall be organized, administered, trained, and supplied under the direction of the Commandant of the Marine Corps.
• (b) The departments and offices of Headquarters, Marine Corps have the same relation and responsibilities to the Marine Corps Reserve as they do to the Regular Marine Corps.

§ 10110. Air Force Reserve: composition

The Air Force Reserve is a reserve component of the Air Force to provide a reserve for active duty. It consists of the members of the officers’ section of the Air Force Reserve and of the enlisted section of the Air Force Reserve. It includes all Reserves of the Air Force who are not members of the Air National Guard of the United States.

§ 10111. Air National Guard of the United States: composition

The Air National Guard of the United States is the reserve component of the Air Force that consists of—

• (1) federally recognized units and organizations of the Air National Guard; and
• (2) members of the Air National Guard who are also Reserves of the Air Force.

§ 10112. Air National Guard: when a component of the Air Force

The Air National Guard while in the service of the United States is a component of the Air Force.

§ 10113. Air National Guard of the United States: status when not in Federal service

When not on active duty, members of the Air National Guard of the United States shall be administered, armed, equipped, and trained in their status as members of the Air National Guard.

§ 10114. Coast Guard Reserve

As provided in section 701 1 1 See References in Text note below. of title 14, the Coast Guard Reserve is a component of the Coast Guard and is organized, administered, trained, and supplied under the direction of the Commandant of the Coast Guard. Laws applicable to the Coast Guard Reserve are set forth in chapter 21 1 of title 14 ( 14 U.S.C. 701 et seq.).